Biophotonic sensors based on polymer waveguide with Bragg reflection grating are demonstrated in this work.
Waveguide Bragg reflectors were designed by using the effective index method and the transmission matrix method.
The grating pattern was formed by exposing laser interference pattern on a photoresist. On top of the inverted rib
waveguide, the grating was inscribed into the core layer by the O2 plasma etching. In order to perform the bio-molecule
detection experiment, a calixarene molecule was self-assembled on top of thin Au film deposited on the waveguide
Bragg reflector. To measure the response of the sensor, several PBS solutions with different concentrations of potassium
ion from 1 pM to 100 μM were dropped on the sensor surface. The shift of Bragg reflection wavelength was observed
from the PBS solution with lowest potassium concentration, 1 pM.
The cut detection in a simple video sequence is relatively simple. But it becomes very difficult and complex when there are the video sequences which has special effects, i.e. gradual transition scene in the sequential frames or scenes with flash between the sequential frames. Twin comparison method were proposed earlier, but the methods also have the problem of the double calculation for applying threshold. This research review the method of detecting cuts known thus far, then analyzes and evaluates performance and reliability of those methods by experiments. This research proposes a new algorithm of detecting cuts using motion vector, and compares it with other existing methods. In addition, we simulate the synthesized video sequences that include special effects in order to prove an effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and the results show good status.
Digital video computing and organization is one of the important issues in multimedia system, signal compression, or database. Video should be segmented into shots to be used for identification and indexing. This approach requires a suitable method to automatically locate cut points in order to separate shot in a video. Automatic cut detection to isolate shots in a video has received considerable attention due to many practical applications; our video database, browsing, authoring system, retrieval and movie. Previous studies are based on a set of difference mechanisms and they measured the content changes between video frames. But they could not detect more special effects which include dissolve, wipe, fade-in, fade-out, and structured flashing. In this paper, a new cut detection method for gradual transition based on computer vision techniques is proposed. And then, experimental results applied to commercial video are presented and evaluated.
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