A major challenge in the study of the physical mechanism behind needle-free jet injection (NFJI) systems is the lack of visualization techniques or tools to study the penetration and dispersion characteristics of the high-velocity microjet inside the skin tissue. Current imaging techniques used to assess skin permeation require a minimum temporal resolution of 1 ms, whereas a temporal resolution in the order of 100 μs is needed to study the penetration and dispersion phases of a NFJI system. In this study, we propose near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent and absorbance/transmission imaging techniques to achieve the temporal resolution required for visualization of NFJI studies. Fluorescent signals up to 2.5 mm could be obtained with a normal ex vivo porcine sample. However, absorbance/transmission imaging could not produce the required contrast in the normal ex vivo sample. Also, we apply a tissue clearing technique to improve the image acquisition for higher depth. In the cleared tissue sample, the lowest measured dimensional error was observed at a temporal resolution up to 50 and 10 μs for NIR fluorescent and absorbance/transmission imaging techniques, respectively.
A virus can cause various serious diseases, some of which could destroy entire countries geographically and economically by sweeping infections that were resistant to established treatment. In an attempt to fight a virus, the immune system produces antibodies (IgM/IgG proteins), and the presence of these antibodies is linked to the presence of the infection in the patient. Detecting and measuring the presence of these antibodies would be incredibly valuable for population control and surveillance. However, developing an automated microfluidic immunoassay testing device typically requires a complicated and time-consuming robotic fluid handling technique, which is both expensive and impractical for point-of-care testing. In this study, we demonstrate an integrated microfluidic system, where sample mixing, loading, and detection can be conducted automatically by a smartphone device. Furthermore, we design a 3D printed sample cartridge module, where only 25 μL of a blood sample can be collected to perform the antibody detection test. Additionally, as a feasibility study, we demonstrate sample mixing and detection performance of our device, where the sample mixing is conducted by bidirectional rotation, and the detection efficiency is evaluated by confining cells within a focal plane by rotating the sample cartridge at high speed.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.