A variety of ball-lens based optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) are designed and implemented. Insertion losses as low as 0.5 to 0.6 dB for the reflection light-path, and 1.2 to 1.5 dB for the transmission light-path are demonstrated. The 0.5-dB passband and -30 dB stopband for 100-GHz OADM are 0.35 nm and 1.15 nm, respectively. The reflection path has an isolation 15 dB. In addition to the distinct cost advantage of ball lenses over the GRIN lenses, the ball-lens based OADMs also offer a significant simplification in packaging due to the intrinsic spherical symmetry of ball lenses. Optical designs and optics-related packaging issues are discussed in detail.
We describe the design and performance of a multimode 8- channel, 200 GHz-spaced dense wavelength division demultiplexer using a high order blazed grating. The mean insertion loss of this DEMUX is 1.95 dB. Adjacent crosstalk is measured to be better than -45 dB. The temperature test cycling from 20 to 60 degree(s)C indicates that the wavelength thermal drift is less than 0.00033 nm/ degree(s)C. The device has multi-mode fibers for both input and output, which is good for the optical networks in both metropolitan and local areas. The device is not sensitive to the disturbance of temperature and environment, so no temperature controller is needed.
We construct a passive grating-based wavelength-division (de)multiplexer (MUX/DMUX) for single-mode-fiber networks. The MUX/DMUX has almost identical bi-directional filtering characteristics on optical signals at wavelengths around 1550 nm. With total insertion loss less than 3 dB and an enlarged passing band of each channel, the encapsulated device exhibits very stable performance under temperature variation and is immune from mechanical vibration. The insertion loss of this device changes about 1 dB at temperatures from 25 degree(s)C to 60 degree(s)C, while the enter wavelength of each channel drifts about 8.3 X 10-4 nm/(nm(DOT) degree(s)C). Better results are expected with further optimization on the design. The device successfully demultiplexes 231 -1 PRBS signals up to 3.5 Gb/s per channel in an emulated amplifier-free local- area networks (LAN's) and metropolitan-area networks transmission. It is plausible the cost-effective MUX/DEMUX is an excellent candidate to meet 10 Gb/s all-optical multi- wavelength short-link applications.
In this paper, we first review the working principle of grating-base wavelength division (de)multiplexers (WD(D)M) for optical networks. Then key device parameters for WDM multiplexers, including insertion loss, isolation, channel passband, wavelength accuracy, polarization-dependent loss and temperature sensitivity are provided to evaluate the performance for the devices. After that, issues regarding optical design of grating-based WD(D)Ms for commercial uses are addressed. Next, several grating-based WD(D)M structures are analyzed with the procedures to optimize design of grating-based wavelength division (de)multiplexers. Based on these designs and analyses, we give the procedures of optimal design of devices with experimental data.
The design, packaging, and performance of a novel 32 channel, 100GHz dense wavelength division
demultiplexer (DWDM) using the 22w' diffraction order of an Echelle grating is described. A fully
packaged prototype operating in the 1 .54 to 1 .57-rim spectral range is built and tested. The insertion losses
of all 32 channels are within -3.0±0.2 dB. The crosstalk between adjacent channels for all the 32 channels
is in the neighborhood of -30dB, and average 1dB optical pass band is O.256nm.
Key words: Wavelength division demultiplexing, Echelle grating, dispersion ability, DWDM packaging
A 32-channel wavelength-division demultiplexer has been designed and tested. Intended for commercial use, the instrument is designed to be rugged, stable, and insensitive to temperature variations. Operating in the 1.54-1.57-micrometers spectral range, the unit uses single-mode fiber input and multi-mode fiber output. The optics consists of a Littrow plane-grating spectrograph that uses the same lens for collimation and for focusing. In order to reduce the size of the device, the gratin is used at a large diffraction angle. A coarse ruling is used in a high diffraction order, which results in a device that has a low polarization-dependent loss. The mean insertion loss for all channels was 3.1 dB, and the standard deviation of the insertion loss was 0.23 dB. The mean channel bandwidth was 0.26 dB.
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