Three kinds of transmission type GaAlN photocathode materials with GaAlN activation layer/GaAlN absorber layer/AlN buffer layer/Al2O3 substrate layer multi-layer structures with different Al compositions were designed and grown. The thickness of the GaAlN activation layer, the GaAlN absorber layer and the AlN buffers layer of the three samples were 40 nm, 20 nm and 100 nm respectively. The Al fraction of the GaAlN activation layer of the three samples were 0.48, 0.37 and 0.25 respectively, and the Al fraction of GaAlN absorber layer were 0.8, 0.68 and 0.3 respectively. An ultraviolet waveband surface photovoltage testing device was developed for the measurement of the characteristics of surface photovoltage of the three GaAlN photocathode materials. The surface photovoltage amplitude curves of the three samples were basically the same under the two cases of frontal and reverse incidence, and the surface photovoltage signals obtained by the two different light incidence methods were differentiated, and the extreme points of the differentiation curves were obtained near the positions of 4.47 eV, 4.21 eV and 3.92 eV respectively, which correspond to the forbidden band width of the GaAlN material in the activation layer of the three samples. Comparing the surface photovoltage curves before activation with the spectral response curves after activation of two samples, it is found that the surface photovoltage curves before activation and the spectral response curves after activation are highly consistent in characteristics of spectral response and cut-off, which proves the effectiveness of surface photovoltage in the evaluation of characteristics of the spectral response of the GaAlN photocathode materials with multi-layer structures.
Three types of gallium nitride (GaN) materials grown on sapphire (001) by metal chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were design for the study of different doping types on the characteristics of GaN epilayers. Surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy of samples was measured in the photo energy range 2.9≤hv≤4.5eV with different chopping frequency. The similar surface photovoltage signals were obtained under sub-band-gap illumination in the photo energy range 2.9≤hv≤3.4 eV and the origins about signals were determined by comparing the surface photovoltage magnitude and phase spectra. By changing the incident light frequency, it can be found that the surface photovoltage magnitude shows a downward trend in the entire photon energy range, and the surface photovoltage magnitude has a more significant decrease in the sub-band gap region. In additional, a laser with 3.06eV photo energy was used to aid measured the surface photovoltage signals of sample with Si doped in the photo energy range 2.9≤hv≤4.5eV with chopping frequency at 172 Hz, 440 Hz, 1k Hz and 3k Hz. The defect states at the interface of the undoped GaN layer and Al2O3 were proved to be the major contribution to the SPV signals in the sub band gap region and were "slow processes" during the formation of SPV of the GaN samples.
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