A flexible method for fabricating shallow optical waveguides by using femtosecond laser writing of patterns on a metal
coated glass substrate followed by ion-exchange is described. This overcomes the drawbacks of low index contrast and
high induced stress in waveguides directly written using low-repetition rate ultrafast laser systems. When compared to
conventional lithography, the technique is simpler and has advantages in terms of flexibility in the types of structures
which can be fabricated.
Tactile sensors are needed for many emerging robotic and telepresence
applications such as keyhole surgery and robot operation in
unstructured environments.
We have proposed and demonstrated a tactile sensor consisting of a
fibre Bragg grating embedded in a polymer "finger". When the sensor
is placed in contact with a surface and translated tangentially across
it measurements on the changes in the reflectivity spectrum of the
grating provide a measurement of the spatial distribution of forces
perpendicular to the surface and thus, through the elasticity of the
polymer material, to the surface roughness.
Using a sensor fabricated from a Poly Siloxane polymer (Methyl Vinyl
Silicone rubber) spherical cap 50 mm in diameter, 6 mm deep with an
embedded 10 mm long Bragg grating we have characterised the first and
second moment of the grating spectral response when scanned across
triangular and semicircular periodic structures both with a modulation
depth of 1 mm and a period of 2 mm. The results clearly distinguish
the periodicity of the surface structure and the differences between
the two different surface profiles. For the triangular structure a
central wavelength modulation of 4 pm is observed and includes a
fourth harmonic component, the spectral width is modulated by 25 pm.
Although crude in comparison to human senses these results clearly
shown the potential of such a sensor for tactile imaging and we expect
that with further development in optimising both the grating and
polymer "finger" properties a much increased sensitivity and spatial
resolution is achievable.
The microwave photonic responses of super-structured fibre Bragg gratings in combination with dispersive fibre are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The super-structured gratings are optimised, taking account of the spectral response of the broadband source, EDFA and optical tunable filter to achieve a filter response with side-lobe suppression of more than 60 dB.
In-fiber chirped Moire resonators are excellent filters in terms of fiber compatibility, and can potentially provide wide stopbands, narrow passbands and high rejection levels. This paper describes the realization of chirped Moire in- fiber filters written using phase mask techniques. The filters described here were fabricated both from the dual exposure of a uniform-pitch phase mask followed by a third refractive index profiling scan and from the dual exposure of chirped phase masks. These techniques produce filters that replicate the broad bandwidths associated with holographic techniques and have the advantage of the good reproducibility associated with the use of phase masks.
We report here fabrication of highly efficient in-fiber grating bandpass filters using the established UV-side- exposure technique. Various combinations of passband/stopband and transmission/rejection of single- and multi-channel filters have been produced in hydrogenated standard telecom, high Ge-doped and B/Ge-codoped fibers. Up to > 60 dB rejection stopbands ranging from -2 nm to 55 nm, and passbands with 0.02 nm - 3 nm linewidths and transmissivity up to > 90% have been achieved with these devices. By concatenating several structures, a bandpass filter has been demonstrated with a combination of a 0.16 nm passband centered in a approximately 35 nm stopband, representing the highest reported finesse of 220 for any multi-nanometer stopband filter. We also report the first application of a grating bandpass filter for suppressing timing jitter in soliton propagation system, enabling transmission of 10 ps solitons over a distance of 2700 km.
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