Here, we demonstrated that natural magnetic nanoparticles (nMNP) from magnetotactic bacteria can serve as photoacoustic high-contrast agents for single cell analysis. The main benefits of nMNP include biocompatibility and relatively low laser fluence for photoacoustic detection. These features together with safety of photoacoustics provide potential for clinical translation. Further decoration of nMNP with NIR-absorbing gold nanorods provided hybrid nanoparticles with strong NIR absorption and plasmonic effects for cancer cell theranostics. In studies in vivo, we showed that circulating tumor cells labeled with bioinspired hybrids generated transient ultrasharp photoacoustic resonances as the basis for new super-resolution photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo.
Most fatalities from cancer are caused by metastases produced by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Despite its importance, CTC diagnosis at an early treatable stage of disease is challenging. Early CTCs can escape from routine blood tests because they are rare events and can migrate between lymph and blood systems. To solve this problem, we introduced photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo. This clinically-relevant technology is capable of noninvasively counting blood and lymphatic CTCs over disease progression with >1000-times higher sensitivity than existing methods. Here we summarize our preclinical results demonstrating advances of combined lymph+blood diagnosis of CTCs using metastatic melanoma model.
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