An optical security device providing the function of a fingerprint for authentication along with a designed pattern storage function has been proposed. The proposed device uses the random fingerprint texture in the chiral nematic phase of an ultraviolet-curable liquid crystal. Using photopolymerization along with a mask of the designed pattern, a unique pattern can be fixed in the shape of the designed pattern. The random patterns can be used as a fingerprint for such devices. This proposed device has the potential to be an optical security device and an authenticity or information indicator for the user.
Self-pulsating semiconductor lasers are deviced to reduce optical feedback noises as light sources in optical data storage systems. However, they themselves include instabilities in their solitary oscillations without any optical feedback and they also show unstable behaviors induced by optical feedback. We experimentally investigate instabilities and dynamics of self-pulsating semiconductor lasers without and with optical feedback from a distant reflector on the order of several tens of centimeters to one meter.
Chaos synchronization in polarization selected mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (VCSELs) is experimentally investigated in a low-frequency fluctuation regime. Two lasers synchronize in one of the orthogonal polarization modes selected for synchronization. The counterpart polarization components also show synchronized outputs due to anti-phase oscillations of VCSELs.
Message transmission of giga-hertz sinusoidal signal is demonstrated based on chaos synchronization in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. In the systems, the message component is much suppressed in the receiver output in spite of a non-negligible power in the transmitter.
In chaotic communications, the rate of data transmission is limited by chaotic carrier frequency. The carrier frequency is much enhanced by a strong optical injection in semiconductor lasers. Broad-band chaos synchronization of semiconductor lasers with strong optical injection and also in the presence of self-optical feedback is numerically studied.
Low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback both from short and long external cavities are investigated. At a modulation frequency which is very close to the external cavity mode, low-frequency fluctuations are eliminated and frequency-locking to the modulation in the laser output power is found.
Optical associative memory for pattern recognition using the Hopfield model has the advantage of simplicity for its network structure. But further investigation reveals that the basins of the attractors for stored patterns are small in the Hopfield model and the recalling ability is not so great. Moreover, the memory capacity is low because there are many spurious states and oscillations in the network. In order to obviate the spurious states and low storage capacity in the Hopfield model, a type of attractor called a terminal attractor (TA), which represents singular solutions of a neural dynamic system, was introduced. These terminal attractors are characterized by having finite relaxation times, no spurious states, and infinite stability.
The effects of the external feedback on the noise properties of semiconductor laser are studied based on the feedback- induced-dynamics. The steady-state analysis shows that the oscillation mode can be determined from the phase condition in the way that the mode with the maximum stability factor is selected rather than the mode with the minimum excess gain. Both the phase and intensity noises are investigated by including Langevin noise sources in the rate equations. As the feedback level increases, the linewidth and the relative intensity noise level exhibit three different stages of variations leading to coherence collapse state where the corresponding dynamics is fully chaotic. A double- external-cavity model is proposed as an example to stabilize the feedback-induced chaos. Numerical results indicate that, for certain parameter range, the original chaos can be stabilized to periodic oscillations or fixed states and consequently, the linewidth and the RIN level in the low- frequency range can be reduced to the extent of the solitary laser.
The memory capacity of terminal attractor (TA) model associative memory is investigated based on the consistency between the stored pattern x$_i)(m) and the obtained equilibrium state xi in statistical thermodynamics. By the computer simulations, we give intuitive estimates of the memory capacity of the TA model associative memory. FOr the feasibility of the optical implementation of the TA associative memory, we impose some approximations to original TA associative memory without loosing the essence of the TA model. The memory capacity of such a modified TA model associative memory is also given by the numerical simulation. In this simulation, a 10 X 10 neuron network model is used and Hamming distances among inputs and the stored patterns are chosen to be equal to 5 or more both in the original and modified TA models. The results indicate that the absolute memory capacity of the TA model is greater than 0.35N, which contrasts with the relative capacity of 0.15N or the theoretical absolute capacity of N/(41nN) for the conventional associative memory.
A high-resolution laser Doppler velocimeter with small measurement volume is described. This instrument uses a novel frequency shifter incorporating a moving glass prism that gives stable frequency shifts up to 7 kHz and determines the velocity measurement range, which is 0.1 to 7 mm/s. The instrument has been used to measure blood flow velocities in microvessels and results are presented that demonstrate the capabilities of the system.
In speckle correlation technique, both the specklegram and its Fourier transformed fringe pattern are detected by nonlinear Optic RAM detectors. The speckle correlation is calculated by the nonlinear optical correlator using a phase modulation property of a liquid crystal television. The effects of the binarization for the signals on the diffraction efficiency are discussed theoretically and experimentally.
KEYWORDS: Speckle, Correlation function, Signal detection, Logic, Signal processing, Signal to noise ratio, Computer simulations, Interfaces, Glasses, Lenses
The clipping method is used to carry out the fast calculation of a correlation function of speckle intensity in several applications. Using this technique, the peak position of the cross-correlation function can be determined more accurately than that for the nonclipped one. There are several possible logical operations for calculating clipped speckle intensity. Several methods of the logical operation of the intensity clipping are studied to evaluate the accuracy of the peak detection of the clipped correlation function. Both the theoretical consideration and experimental results are given.
A new technique is proposed to reconstruct an astronomical image using phase retrieval from exponential filtered and unfiltered images based on the Fourier series expansion method. The amplitude of the Fourier transform of the filtered image is a mixture of the information of the amplitude and phase in the Fourier space corresponding to the unfiltered image. Therefore, the phase information can be derived from the Fourier modulus ofthe filtered image based on the Fourier decomposition method described. This method is applied to stellar speckle interferometry and the successful reconstruction of a double star image is obtained.
To obtain the averaged Fourier power spectrum of a time-varying stellar speckle images from a binary star a portable real-time Fourier-transform processor is developed for stellar speckle interferometry, in which the Fourier transform of the image is done optically by using a microchannel spatial light modulator. Several double star images are analyzed on the telescope sites by the real-time processor. The cycle time of 2-10 Hz is achieved in this instrument depending upon incoming light level.
By feeding back the output intensity of a laser diode interferoater together with
an external modulated light input to the injection current of the laser diode, we have
observed the optical bistability and multistability without using cut-off or saturation
effect of the gain mediin. We have pointed out that optical chaos can be realized
when an appropriate time delay is introduced in the feedback circuit because of the
non-l I near property of the interference signal . 1
In this report, optical bistability, multistability, and chaos in active interferometer
are presented when the system has a delayed feedback . It is shown that the
optical instability occurs at certain corIitions arid this instability is verified to be
chaotic.
In this paper , we real i zed a real -time joint transform correlator .sed on speckle
clipping technique using Optic RAM detector and liquid crystal television (LCTV)
panels. A basic description of this application is that a time dependent speckle intensity
is detected by an Optic RAM detector by which the binarization of 2-dimensional
speckle intensity is performed for an arbitrary threshold level of the intensity.
Then, the clipped signa] is sent to a LCFV under the control of a microcomiter and,
finally, the correlation function of the clipped speckle intensities is obtained based
on the joint transfonn correlator (JTC).
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