We have developed a system that separates and measures the optical properties of skin, i.e., the surface reflection, diffuse reflection, and sub-surface scattering components of the skin. This system includes two polarization filters that separate light from the skin into a surface reflection component image and a diffuse reflection component image. Furthermore, by using a projector as a light source and irradiating the skin using a high-frequency binary illumination pattern, the sub-surface scattering component image alone can be separated and generated. Using the proposed system, we performed a survey of 154 Japanese women aged from their 20s to their 70s and analyzed age-related changes in the optical properties of their skin. The results revealed the following. First, the luminance value Y of the surface reflection from the cheek and its standard deviation within the analysis area increase with age. Second, the Y value of diffuse reflection from the skin decreases with age. Third, the amount of light in the sub-surface scattering components also decreases with age. The proposed system is expected to have a wide range of applications in the medical and cosmetic fields.
Spectral reflectance in human skin tissue has been studied through Monte Carlo simulation using the nine-layered skin tissue model. It is important to estimate the penetration depth of detected light affected by absorption and scattering to know the condition of human skin. In this study, we estimated the depth of penetration of photons in the visible wavelength range that propagate inside skin tissue and are detected at different positions in the vicinity of the illuminated area by using Monte Carlo simulation.
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