Recently, communication capacity has increased significantly due to diversification of contents, and online classes and teleworks emerging from the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, technological development of sixth-generation mobile communication system (6G) has planned in 2030, it is predicted that communication capacity increase more in the future. For the realization of 6G, not only a large capacity of backhaul, but also an all-optical network is required owing to high frequencies. To satisfy these requirements, orbital angular momentum (OAM) in optical wireless communication has been investigated. The OAM is a part of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam, which possesses modes that are determined by the radial order n and the azimuthal order m. The OAM is modes when the radial order n is equal to zero. Because crosstalk between the modes are inevitable, it is necessary to separate orders during multiplexing. Therefore, the LG mode that has been extended to the radial order n must be used for mode multiplexing in order to achieve large communication capacity. For realizing multiplex communication, the multiplexed signal must be separated into individual detectors. Previous studies have reported a method for separating signals using light as the carrier wave in multiplex communication, by preparing the same number of filters as the number of multiplexes. However, the system becomes more complex and reception efficiency deteriorates as the number of multiplex increases. In this study, we achieved mode-demultiplexing with one filter using kinoform-type computer generated holograms as multiplexed holograms in LG mode multiplex communication.
With the rapid increase in communication traffic, the capacities of existing multiplexing methods have reached the limits of expandability. Therefore, the mode multiplex communication method using orbital angular momentum (OAM) has recently attracted attention as a new method. The OAM is a part of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam. LG beam which possesses modes determined by the radial order n and the azimuth order m. The OAM is modes when the radial order n is equal to zero. Transmission capacity and spectral efficiency are expected great increase significantly from the combination of existing multiplexing method and mode multiplexing. In the future, a further increase in transmission capacity is expected because devices connected to the Internet are rapidly increasing with the spread of the Internet of Things. Therefore, in order to further increase transmission capacity, it is necessary to expand the radial order n. In this study, we investigate the mode multiplexing communication method using LG mode extending the radial order n. To realize mode multiplexing with increased the amount of multiplexing, technological developments in demultiplexing are particularly significant. In previous studies, mode-demultiplexers have been considered interferometric method and holographic filter. However, these methods have problems such as the complex of optical system and the reduction in diffraction efficiency. Therefore, we design the computer generated hologram that can extract multiple modes with one filter as the mode-demultiplexer. Through the above examination, we aim to realize simplification and high efficiency of the mode-demultiplexer.
Effect of scintillations is serious problems in optical systems which require the atmospheric propagation, the optimization of optical system to minimize the effects of scintillation have been examined using the simulation of propagation in atmospheric turbulence. The analytic studies of scintillation index of LG beams show that LG beams have less scintillation than Gaussian beams. However, in these researches, the diameter of receiving aperture was set as point receiver without considering the effects of aperture averaging, which is phenomenon that reduced scintillations over finite aperture. In this paper, considering size of a receiving aperture, the propagation losses and the scintillation index of LG beams are simulated. Also, for practical applications, propagation properties of "quantized" LG(5,1) beams simulated. As a result of the examination, the propagation losses and the scintillation index of LG beams is smaller than those of Gaussian beams. By applying LG beams for optical wireless communications, it is expected to improve better the effect of scintillations than using Gaussian beams. The result is that the scintillation index of quantized LG beams is equal to those of LG beams, and it suggested that quantized LG beams can be treat the quantized LG beams the same as LG beams.
Effect of scintillations is a serious problem in optical systems which require atmospheric propagation, and various
examinations have been implemented to keep communication quality. But combination of optical conditions to optimize
communication capability has not been examined. In this paper, optimization of the combination of optical variables, for
example transmission beam radius of carrier wave and diameter of receiving aperture, is conducted by using the lognormal
distribution model in weak turbulence and the gamma-gamma distribution model, which is suitable for weak to
strong turbulence, in moderate to strong turbulence with considering aperture averaging. As a result of the examination,
the optimum combination have been successfully found. Moreover, to investigate the propagation mode of carrier wave,
comparison of propagation attenuation between Gaussian beam wave and Laguerre-Gaussian beam wave and evaluation
of communication quality in optimized optical condition obtained from above-mentioned examination, will be done. The
result is that the propagation loss of any of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam waves are smaller than those of the Gaussian
beam waves. It is also observed that the propagation loss of (5, 1) Laguerre-Gaussian beam wave is particularly small
among those.
Conventional circuit designs have considered only visibility distance and transmission power. However, these are part of circuit design variables. There are a variety of other variables such as modulation method, carrier wave length, type of wavefront. Communication circuits should be designed appropriately depending on the installation environment. This study has performed an evaluation of the propagation characteristics of combinations of each modulation method and carrier waves, and considered indexes for communication circuit designs that suit the installation environment. As a result, the result has been obtained that modulation method needs to be selected depending on the CNR, and the wave length and wavefront of carrier waves depending on the propagation distance.
Due to technological advances in the optical information processing and optical communication fields, the demands for higher performance in spatial light modulator. The anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) has a possibility of achieving multi-tone control by applied voltage similar to nematic LCD. The AFLC was developed as a new spatial light modulator, and furthermore, a high-speed drive method with polarization properties was proposed. From this, a high-speed drive of 500 μsec was confirmed. In addition, basic studies were conducted on necessary functions required for phase modulators, and phase modulation due to the effect of voltage control was verified. From these results, the feasibility for a high-speed multi-level spatial light modulator with the effect of AFLC was verified.
Real-time (video frame rate) optical correlation and wavelet transformation using high- resolution LCTV-SLMs and Fresnel zone plates have been studied. In the systems, the LCTV- SLMs are used as real-time optical filtering devices in Fourier planes and the Fresnel zone plates are used as Fourier transformation devices. In the experiment, good optical performance has been achieved. From the results, it is confirmed that the Fresnel zone plates are suitable devices for parallel optics and using them, they can be extended parallel optical systems easily.
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