The Secure Border Initiative Network (SBInet) is a series of sensor platforms along the U.S.
border areas for the purpose of better monitoring cross-border excursions. From a technical
standpoint, the challenge of SBInet is to provide the necessary area coverage needed while
controlling costs. This paper presents one set of methods for analyzing different tower locations
and technologies. Since the purpose of the paper is to consider analytical techniques, the terrain
and tower locations used do not relate to the P28 area nor any other specific approaches or tower
locations currently being studied for the SBInet program.
KEYWORDS: Target detection, Unattended ground sensors, Sensors, Error analysis, Data modeling, Statistical analysis, Sensor networks, Signal attenuation, Fourier transforms, Signal to noise ratio
Methodologies for analyzing the detection and tracking performance of Unattended Ground
Sensors are developed. These are then applied to the case of the Massively Deployed Unattended
Ground Sensor dataset generated during the Network Sensors for the Future Force Advanced
Technology Demonstration conducted in the summer of 2004. For detection, results from three
methods are compared, all based on the consistency and accuracy of Line of Bearing reports.
For tracking, a more straightforward statistical analysis is conducted.
A statistical model of Unattended Ground Sensor networks is developed and applied. The model assumes an UGS field comprised of clusters of UGS. Each cluster is formed by a random distribution of sensor nodes in an ad hoc network communicating with a central gateway. The model is exercised to evaluate different field parameters on model outputs such as track length, track accuracy, sensor area coverage, message throughput at choke points and so on. The model is joined with a simple model of distributed cluster management-a form of distributed processing-and the relative merits of this form of technology are assessed. The model is intended for initial UGS field design applications where it is desirable to examine very large input parameter sets or perform optimization calculations. The model has been implemented in a spreadsheet, but it is also suitable for a programmable calculator or solver program such as Matlab.
The technical objectives of this effort are to develop low cost sensor packages optimized for three types of unmanned platforms: UGVs, SUAVs and UGS. Additional goals are to develop robust communications to network these sensor systems throughout complex terrain, develop command and control software tools to incldue mission planning, monitoring, dynamic re-planning, sensor planning and management functions; and to demonstrate a system-of-systems capability when fusing information from these various unmanned sensor systems. These capabilities provide the battlefield commander organic unmanned sensor network assets to compelte his Battlespace Situational Awareness picture for targeting, direct and indirect-fire weapons, and threat avoidance. The networked sensors will provide remote monitoring of areas of interest out to approximately 10km not covered by higher echelon surveillance assets and without placing soldiers in harm's way, will increase unit areas of coverage and will provide near real time BSA and targeting data for early warning to speed decision making and reaction time.
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