Integrated optical phase-shifting interferometer is one of key devices that are frequently employed in astronomical interference instruments to measure complex coherent function of celestial object at certain spatial frequency, and further to achieve high-resolution imaging by synthetic aperture technology in last decades. Due to the presence of device fabrication error, calibration of an interferometer is indispensable, Pixel-to-Visibility Matrix (P2VM) method being a conventional approach. Up to present days, the P2VM is employed as a “all-in-one” method, which unify all device errors into one single matrix. However, characterization of device fabrication error at its various parts is often desired, to provide the basis for device optimization. In the current paper, a process to retrieve fabrication errors of the three main parts of the phase-shift interferometer, from an experimentally measured Pixel-to-Visibility Matrix (V2PM) is demonstrated. The results are expected to be useful in the process of optimizing the device structure and its manufacturing parameters.
Compared with the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) that widely used as optical wavelength multiplexers and/or demultiplexers (MUX/DMUX) in optical communication networks, AWG of low diffraction order has enormous potential of application in cases that need a large free spectrum range (FSR), to name a few, various integrated optical spectrometer, and wavelength MUX/DMUX in coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) networks. In the current paper, an investigation is conducted on S-shaped antisymmetric design scheme for low diffraction order AWG layouting. To reduce overall AWG device dimension and increase bend waveguide curvature radius uniformity, particle swarm optimization (PSO) with constrained conditions is employed to find optimized geometrical parameters which determine AWG structure. PSO algorithm could reduce by about 50.6% of the AWG dimension compared with previously reported AWG and thus PSO could be a promising optimization method when designing AWG.
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