Mr. Ken J. Ando Profile

Ken J. Ando

Retired at Ando LLC

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Proceedings Article | 25 August 2005 Paper

1024 x 1024 Si:As IBC detector arrays for JWST MIRI

Peter Love, Alan Hoffman, Nancy Lum, Ken Ando, Joe Rosbeck, William Ritchie, Neil Therrien, Roger Holcombe, Elizabeth Corrales

Proceedings Volume 5902, 590209 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.623473

KEYWORDS: Sensors, James Webb Space Telescope, Readout integrated circuits, Mid-IR, Quantum efficiency, Detector arrays, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Infrared radiation, Silicon carbide

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1K × 1K Si:As Impurity Band Conduction (IBC) arrays have been developed by RVS for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). MIRI provides imaging, coronagraphy, and low and medium resolution spectroscopy over the 5 - 28 μm band. The IBC devices are also suitable for other low-background applications. The Si:As IBC detectors have a pixel dimension of 25 μm and respond to infrared radiation between 5 and 28 μm, covering an important Mid-IR region beyond the 1 - 5 μm range covered by the JWST NIRCam and NIRSpec instruments. Due to high terrestrial backgrounds at the longer Mid-IR wavelengths, it is very difficult to conduct ground-based observations at these wavelengths. Hence, the MIRI instrument on JWST can provide science not obtainable from the ground. We describe results of the development of a new 1024 × 1024 Si:As IBC array that responds with high quantum efficiency over the wavelength range 5 to 28 μm. The previous generation's largest, most sensitive infrared (IR) detectors at these wavelengths were the 256 × 256 / 30 μm pitch Si:As IBC devices built by Raytheon for the SIRTF/IRAC instrument¹. Detector performance results will be discussed, including relative spectral response, Responsive Quantum Efficiency (RQE) vs. detector bias, and dark current versus temperature. In addition, Sensor Chip Assembly (SCA) data will be presented from the first Engineering SCAs. The detector ROIC utilizes a PMOS Source Follower per Detector (SFD) input circuit with a well capacity of about 2 × 105 electrons. The read noise of the "bare" MUX is less than 12 e- rms with Fowler-8 sampling at an operating temperature of 7 K. A companion paper by Craig McMurtry (University of Rochester) will discuss the details of SB305 MUX noise measurements². Other features of the IBC array include 4 video outputs and a separate reference output with a frame rate of 0.36 Hz (2.75 sec frame time). Power dissipation is about 0.5 mW at a 0.36 Hz frame rate. Reset modes include both global reset and reset by row (ripple mode). Reference pixels are built-in to the output data stream. The 1K × 1K IBC is packaged in a robust modular package that consists of a multilayer motherboard, SiC pedestal, and cable assembly with 51-pin MDM connector. All materials of construction were chosen to match the thermal expansion coefficient of Silicon to provide excellent module thermal cycle reliability for cycling between room temperature and 7 K.

Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

2K X 2K HgCdTe detector arrays for VISTA and other applications

Peter Love, Alan Hoffman, Ken Ando, Elizabeth Corrales, William Ritchie, Neil Therrien, Joseph Rosbeck, Roger Holcombe, David Gulbransen

Proceedings Volume 5499, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.555225

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Readout integrated circuits, Mercury cadmium telluride, Antireflective coatings, Near infrared, K band, Visible radiation, Astronomy, Short wave infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Large infrared and visible arrays for low-background applications: an overview of current developments at Raytheon

Alan Hoffman, Peter Love, Ken Ando, Elizabeth Corrales

Proceedings Volume 5499, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.555159

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Mercury cadmium telluride, Silicon, Detector arrays, Astronomy, Indium gallium arsenide, Infrared radiation, Short wave infrared radiation, Infrared detectors

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

1K X 1K Si:As IBC detector arrays for JWST MIRI and other applications

Peter Love, Alan Hoffman, Nancy Lum, Ken Ando, William Ritchie, Neil Therrien, Andrew Toth, Roger Holcombe

Proceedings Volume 5499, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.555219

KEYWORDS: Sensors, James Webb Space Telescope, Readout integrated circuits, Silicon carbide, Mid-IR, Quantum efficiency, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Space telescopes, Wafer testing

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1K × 1K Si:As Impurity Band Conduction (IBC) arrays have been developed by Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). The devices are also suitable for other low-background applications. The Si:As IBC detectors respond out to ~28 microns, covering an important mid-IR region beyond the 1-5 micron range covered by the JWST NIRCam and NIRSpec instruments. Due to high terrestrial backgrounds at the longer mid-IR wavelengths, it is very difficult to conduct ground-based observations at these wavelengths. Hence, the MIRI instrument on JWST can provide science not obtainable from the ground. A mid-infrared instrument aboard a cryogenic space telescope can have an enormous impact in resolving key questions in astronomy and cosmology. The greatly reduced thermal backgrounds achievable on a space platform (compared to airborne or ground-based platforms) allow for more sensitive observations of dusty young galaxies at high redshifts, star formation of solar-type stars in the local universe, and formation and evolution of planetary disks and systems. We describe results of the development of a new 1024 × 1024 Si:As IBC array with 25-micron pixels that responds with high quantum efficiency over the wavelength range 5 to 28 microns. The previous generation's largest, most sensitive IR detectors at these wavelengths were the 256 × 256/30-micron pitch Si:As IBC devices built by Raytheon for the SIRTF/IRAC instrument. JWST MIRI detector requirements will be reviewed and some model results for IBC device performance will be presented. The IBC detector architecture will be described and the SB305 Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC), developed specifically for JWST MIRI, will be discussed. The SB305 ROIC utilizes a PMOS Source Follower per Detector (SFD) input circuit with a well capacity of about 2 × 10⁵ electrons. The read noise is expected to be less than 20 e- rms with Fowler-8 sampling at an operating temperature of 7 K. Other features of the IBC array include 4 video outputs and a separate reference output with a frame rate of 0.37 Hz (2.7 sec frame time). Power dissipation is less than 0.5 mW at a 0.37 Hz frame rate. Reset modes include both global reset and reset by row (ripple mode). Reference pixels are built-in to the output data stream. The 1K × 1K IBC is packaged in a robust modular package that consists of a multilayer motherboard, silicon carbide (SiC) pedestal, and cable assembly with 51-pin MDM connectors. All materials of construction were chosen to match the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon to provide excellent module thermal cycle reliability for cycling between room temperature and 7 K.

Proceedings Article | 12 January 2004 Paper

Large-format 0.85- to 2.5-um HgCdTe detector arrays for low-background applications

Peter Love, Alan Hoffman, David Gulbransen, Mark Murray, Ken Ando, Neil Therrien, Joseph Rosbeck, Roger Holcombe

Proceedings Volume 5167, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506258

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Mercury cadmium telluride, Antireflective coatings, Near infrared, Electrons, Cadmium sulfide, Silicon, Quantum efficiency, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 2003 Paper

Development of Si:As impurity band conduction (IBC) detectors for mid-infrared applications

Ken Ando, Alan Hoffman, Peter Love, Andrew Toth, Conrad Anderson, George Chapman, Craig McCreight, Kimberly Ennico, Mark McKelvey, Robert McMurray

Proceedings Volume 5074, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497017

KEYWORDS: Sensors, James Webb Space Telescope, Quantum efficiency, Field effect transistors, Multiplexers, Detector development, Mid-IR, Prototyping, Readout integrated circuits, Error control coding

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Paper

Megapixel and larger readouts and FPAs for visible and infrared astronomy

David Gulbransen, Peter Love, Mark Murray, Nancy Lum, Christopher Fletcher, Elizabeth Corrales, Robert Mills, Alan Hoffman, Ken Ando

Proceedings Volume 4841, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459851

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Mercury cadmium telluride, Astronomy, Staring arrays, Semiconducting wafers, Visible radiation, Infrared astronomy, Short wave infrared radiation, Readout integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2003 Paper

Development of 2k x 2k FPA InSb modules for the NGST mission

Alan Hoffman, Peter Love, Ken Ando, Joseph Rosbeck, Nancy Lum, Roger Holcombe, John Durkee, Craig McMurtry

Proceedings Volume 4850, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461131

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Staring arrays, Astronomy, Near infrared, Quantum efficiency, Infrared radiation, Electronics, Space telescopes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2002 Paper

Large-format infrared arrays for future space and ground-based astronomy applications

Peter Love, Ken Ando, Richard Bornfreund, Elizabeth Corrales, Robert Mills, Jerry Cripe, Nancy Lum, Joseph Rosbeck, Michael Smith

Proceedings Volume 4486, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.455119

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Staring arrays, Astronomy, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, Semiconducting wafers, Short wave infrared radiation, Imaging spectroscopy, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 16 November 2000 Paper

270 x 436 HgCdTe FPA module for the Rosetta VIRTIS-H and -M instruments

Ken Ando, R. Bornfreund, C. Brazier, Roger Holcombe, Ichiro Kasai, Peter Love, Michael Smith

Proceedings Volume 4131, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.406557

KEYWORDS: Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Electrons, Spectroscopy, Sapphire, Thermography, Mid-IR, Infrared radiation, Infrared spectroscopy, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2000 Paper

Infrared detectors for ground-based and space-based astronomy applications

Peter Love, Ken Ando, James Garnett, Nancy Lum, Joseph Rosbeck, Michael Smith, K. Sparkman

Proceedings Volume 4008, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.395462

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Astronomy, Electrons, Mercury cadmium telluride, Antireflective coatings, Multiplexers, Thermography, Staring arrays, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 1998 Paper

Near IR arrays for ground-based and space-based astronomy

Alan Hoffman, Ken Ando, Arnold Estrada, James Garnett, Nancy Lum, Peter Love, Joseph Rosbeck, K. Sparkman, Albert Fowler, Judith Pipher, William Forrest

Proceedings Volume 3354, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317271

KEYWORDS: Astronomy, Sensors, Infrared astronomy, Infrared radiation, Quantum efficiency, IRIS Consortium, Mercury cadmium telluride, Detector arrays, Aerospace engineering, Infrared imaging

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Showing 5 of 12 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (5)

High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II

24 May 2006 | Orlando, Florida , United States

Infrared Technology and Applications XXXII

17 April 2006 | Orlando (Kissimmee), Florida, United States

Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI

28 March 2005 | Orlando, Florida, United States

Infrared Technology and Applications XXX

12 April 2004 | Orlando, Florida, United States

Infrared Technology and Applications XXIX

21 April 2003 | Orlando, Florida, United States

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