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We have developed a mobile photogrammetry cart, which can be used to obtain 3D surface models of infant leg anatomy. The purpose is to assess infants with idiopathic clubfoot by providing quantitative data. Traditional methods of 3D scanning are not suitable for infants since they will not stay still for any length of time.
The system consists of 40 Raspberry Pi’s, each equipped with a high-quality camera module. The cameras are mounted on t-slotted framing with custom 3D printed ball joints. The Raspberry Pi’s are connected through an ethernet switch to a laptop that serves as a controller. We modified an Evenflo Exersaucer Activity Seat to safely expose the legs to the cameras in an unobstructed manner. For scaling, registration markers are engraved on a two-toned, laser cut plate mounted underneath the infant’s seat. A custom application controls the Raspberry Pi’s to take synchronized photos, saving them to network attached storage. Post-processing is completed in Agisoft Metashape, which generates an exact 3D model from the 2D images.
We initially tested the system with a healthy, two-month-old infant with the permission of her parents. We successfully obtained 3D surface models of the volunteer’s feet and lower legs, demonstrating the feasibility of the system.
Our next step is to collect clubfoot data from our orthopedic clinic in an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study. To date, we have enrolled one two-week-old patient with bilateral clubfoot, and successfully collected a 3D surface model of their condition prior to their first corrective casting.
MRI-compatible needle guidance toolkit to streamline arthrography procedures: phantom accuracy study
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This tutorial will cover the basic technical background in the field of image guided procedures and computer aided surgery. The tutorial will begin with an overview of the clinical issues with a focus on minimally invasive techniques in interventional radiology. The basic technology components such as image acquisition devices, localizers, registration techniques, and display methods will be discussed. A historical overview including some of the early work in the field will be presented. Case studies will also be discussed with a focus on the use of electromagnetic tracking for image-guided abdominal interventions. A summary of research issues and directions for future research will also be given.
This tutorial reviews the field of surgical simulation, describes the state of the art, and looks at possible future developments. Many prototype surgical simulators have been developed in research laboratories over the past decade, but the use of these systems in medical training is still limited. The decreasing cost and increasing capabilities of personal computers and graphics hardware are enabling the development of inexpensive desktop systems. The architecture of typical surgical simulators will be described. Example clinical applications are presented.
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