Focusing difficulty has become a critical issue in 8K ultra-high definition television (UHDTV) production. Especially in 8K high-speed shooting, defocus blur significantly degrades a user's experience of slow-motion playback video. For this reason, incorporating a sensor-based phase detection autofocus (PDAF) system that can adjust the focus of a lens quickly into an 8K UHDTV camera has been strongly desired. Although conventional sensor-based PDAF systems have been designed for single-chip cameras capable of using optional color filters, the application of phase detection (PD) in professional broadcasting cameras with three-chip imaging has not been studied, in which incident light separates into three color components (red, green, and blue) by a separation prism. This paper presents an investigation into the PD property among the color channels using a newly prototyped 1.25-inch 8K 240-fps complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with two types of horizontal PD pixels (left- and right-phase). Our experiment showed that crosstalk over angler responses of the PD sensor became larger as the wavelength of light increased, and that the crosstalk in each color component reduced the accuracy of the PD amount between a set of stereo images. Consequently, these results demonstrated that utilizing the phase-differential information from the blue component enables a high-precision sensor-based PDAF operation in three-CMOS imaging when shooting black and white objects
KEYWORDS: Signal processing, Camera shutters, Video, Cameras, Modulation transfer functions, Light sources, Imaging systems, Image sensors, Light, Signal generators
This study proposes a flicker reduction method for 120 fps shooting under 100 Hz light fluctuation. In 120 fps videos, a 100 Hz light fluctuation causes a 20 Hz flicker, which is an aliasing artifact induced by its sampling frequency. In this method, the frame period of 1/120 s is divided into 1/150 s and 1/600 s exposure by using a double rolling shutter. Each pixel alternatively outputs 1/150 s and 1/600 s exposure signals which are readout by a readout circuit operated at double the rate of a normal 120 fps operation. A 120 fps signal with an exposure time of 1/100 s is obtained by summing three consecutive signals with exposures of 1/600, 1/150, and 1/600 s. This method is effective for flicker reduction even in the presence of several light sources with different amplitudes and phases. We implemented this method to an 8K camera and examined the flicker reduction effect for an 8K 120 fps video. As a result, the 20 Hz flicker was suppressed to less than one-tenth.
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