Recently, Sn perovskite solar cell (Sn PVK PV) are attracting attention. However, the efficiency was still lower than that of Pb perovskite solar cells. Recently, the Sn PVK PVs with efficiency higher than 10% have been reported from several research groups. The crystal defects include the presence of Sn4+, Sn2+ defect, I- defect, the presence of Sn0, the interstitial I- and so on. In order to decrease these defect densities, we have proposed some processes such as addition of Ge2+ ion, introduction of ethylammonium cation into A site, and surface passivation of perovskite grain boundary with diaminoethane dilute solution. Our results on efficiency enhancement (13%) is explained by the conduction and valence band energy level against carrier trap depth. In addition, an inverted SnPb perovskite solar cells with 23.3% efficiency is discussed from the view point of optimization of energy alignment.
Certified efficiency of halogenated Pb-perovskite solar cells has reached 25.2 %. Because of the Pb usage restriction, researches on Pb free perovskite solar cells have been focused on. Halogenated Sn-perovskite is one of candidates for the Pb-free perovskite solar cells. In spite of the similarities of the electronic properties between Pb-perovskite and Sn-perovskite, the efficiency of the Sn-perovskite solar cell was still about 10%, which is far below that of Pb-perovskite solar cells. We report Ge ion doped Sn-perovskite solar cells (Pb free) with 13% efficiency by optimizing A site cations in ASnI3 composition and surface passivation.
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