This work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of quantum states of light conditionally prepared by subtraction of a random number of photons from the initial multimode thermal state. A fixed number of photons is subtracted from a multimode quantum state, but only a subsystem of a lower number of modes is registered, in which the number of subtracted photons turns out to be a non-fixed random variable. It is shown that the investigation of multiphoton subtracted multimode thermal states provides a direct study of the fundamental quantum-statistical properties of bosons using a simple experimental implementation. The developed experimental setup plays a role of a specific boson lototron, which is based on the fundamental link between the statistics of boson systems and the Polya distribution. It is shown that the calculation of the photon number distribution based on the Polya‟s urn scheme is equivalent to a calculation using statistical weights for boson systems. A mathematical model based on the composition of the Polya distribution and thermal state is developed and verified. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the developed theory.
Photon creation and annihilation are two basic operators in quantum optics. Their experimental implementation provides a perfect toolbox for quantum state engineering. The simplest quantum states, which can be modified both by photon creation and annihilation are thermal states of light. Therefore, the multiphoton subtracted thermal states (MPSTS) draw attention of quantum optics experimentalists last decade. Despite its simplicity they serve as a good testing area for study of a number of quantum phenomena. In the current work we give a review of the recent works related to MPSTS: their theoretical description, preparation and measurement technique and their utilization as a testing area for studying some quantum phenomena like non-Gaussianity, Photonic Maxwell‟s Demon, Quantum Vampire and so on.
We present the novel technique for broadband biphoton field generation in the single spatial mode. The method is based on using short interaction length in nonlinear media. Small generation efficiency can be compensated by increasing the part of biphoton intensity per one spatial mode by means of pump focusing.
The estimation of high order correlation function values is an important problem in the field of quantum computation. We show that the problem can be reduced to preparation and measurement of optical quantum states resulting after annihilation of a set number of quanta from the original beam. We apply this approach to explore various photon bunching regimes in optical states with gamma-compounded Poisson photon number statistics. We prepare and perform measurement of the thermal quantum state as well as states produced by subtracting one to ten photons from it. Maximum likelihood estimation is employed for parameter estimation. The goal of this research is the development of highly accurate procedures for generation and quality control of optical quantum states.
Reliable generation and measurement of triphoton states has yet to be achieved in laboratory. We give an overview of the problems in generating and measuring triphoton quantum states and analyze several protocols of quantum measurements, which allow for high precision of reconstruction when sizes of available statistical data samples are limited. The tomography procedure under investigation is based on root approach to state estimation. In particular, we use the generalized Fisher information matrix to assess the accuracy of the quantum state parameters measurement. We use tomographic protocols, based on the symmetry of the Platonic solids. We demonstrate the capability to reconstruct triphoton quantum states with precision close to the maximum achievable value allowed by quantum mechanics.
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