A pure copper layer was produced on a stainless-steel type 304 substrate by using a multi-beam laser metal deposition method with blue diode lasers (B-LMD) to add the antibacterial and virus inactivation effect of pure copper on a high-strength and cost-efficient material. To make a copper layer on a substrate by LMD method, beads must be formed continuously at specific intervals and each fabricated bead must be overlapped on the substrate. In this study, to fabricate a high-quality copper layer on a SS304 substrate, the effect of hatching distance (distance between each bead) was investigated. The copper layer was fabricated on the SS304 substrate with a multi-beam B-LMD method at the spot size of 233 μm varying the hatching distance. After the copper coating process, the surface roughness and cross-section of the copper layer were observed. As a result, the surface roughness became high and a large amount of voids were formed inside the layer when the hatching distance was under 150 μm. On the other hand, dilution of copper and SS304 increased as the hatching distance increased.
Titanium (Ti) is widely used for biomaterials such as an implant for human body due to its excellent anti-corrosion. However, new functions should be added to Ti substrates because a strong revival is slow in a joint with a bone. A useful method is periodic nano structure formation on a material to control cell spreading and promote the osteogenic differentiation of cells. When a femtosecond laser is irradiated on a Ti plate at a fluence of near the ablation threshold, periodic nano structures are formed in the direction of perpendicular to the polarization angle of the laser pulse. In our previous study, it was found that the direction of cell was spread by periodic nano structures formed on Ti plate. For the controllability improvement of the cell spreading direction, it is required to improve the uniformity of periodic nano structures. Since the period of nano structures depend on the target material, irradiation fluence, number of irradiation-pulses, incidence angle, and laser wavelength, it is difficult to control the uniformity. In this study, to improve the uniformity of nano structures, Ti plate was irradiated by two-color double-pulse irradiation with a femtosecond laser at the wavelength of 800 nm. As the results, when the 800 nm and 400 nm pulses had orthogonal polarization directions, high uniformity of periodic nano structure was formed.
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