This paper presents an innovative concept, control strategies and experimental verification of simultaneous
thrust vector control and vibration isolation of satellites. First, the innovative concept is introduced by
employing a smart platform as an active structural interface between the main thruster of a satellite and the
satellite structure. Second, the inverse kinematics and singularity analysis of the smart platform are
performed. Third, thrust vector control model of satellites with smart platforms is deduced. Fourth, a
multiple loop control strategy is proposed. It includes three cascaded feedback loops for nonlinear
compensation of actuators, smart platform control and trust vector control, respectively, and a combined
feedback-feedforward control scheme for vibration isolation. Finally, experiments are carried out and
experimental results are illustrated and discussed. The cascaded multiple feedback loops compensate the
hysteresis (for piezoelectric stacks inside the three linear actuators that individually have simultaneous
precision positioning and vibration suppression), dead-zone, back-lash, and friction nonlinearities very well, and provide precision and quick smart platform control and satisfactory thrust vector control capability. The experimental results demonstrate that the simultaneous thrust vector control and vibration suppression is achieved with satisfactory performance.
KEYWORDS: Satellites, Composites, Finite element methods, Actuators, Smart structures, Data modeling, Structural design, Sensors, Control systems, Active vibration control
This research focuses on a finite element analysis of active vibration suppression capabilities of a smart
composite platform, which is a structural interface between a satellite main thruster and its structure and
possesses simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression capabilities for thrust vector control
of a satellite. First, the combined system of the smart composite platform and the satellite structure are
briefly described followed by the finite element modeling and simulations. The smart platform
piezoelectric patches and stacks material properties modeling, for the finite element analysis, are developed
consistent with the manufacturer data. Next, a vibration suppression scheme, based on the modal analysis,
is presented and used in vibration suppression analysis of satellite structures of the thrust vector under the
thruster-firing excitation. The approach introduced here is an effective technique for the design of smart
structures with complex geometry to study their MIMO active vibration suppression capabilities.
The integration, analysis, control, and application of a linear actuator are investigated. The linear actuator
has super-precision, large stroke, and simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression
capabilities. It is an integration of advanced electro-mechanical technology, smart materials technology,
sensing technology, and control technology. Based on the electromechanical technology, a DC-motor
driven leading screw ensures the large stroke of motion and coarse positioning. The smart piezoelectric
technology makes the fine positioning and vibration suppression over a wide frequency range possible.
The advanced control strategy greatly compensates the hysteresis characteristics such as backlash and/or
dead zone, and enables the excellent performance of the actuator. Several sensors such as load cells,
displacement sensors, and encoders are also integrated for various applications. Controller design and
testing of this linear actuator are also conducted. The applications of the linear actuator are also explored in
precision positioning and vibration suppression of a flexible manipulator and smart composite platform for
thrust vector control of satellites.
KEYWORDS: Satellites, Composites, Sensors, Control systems, Linear filtering, Feedback control, Adaptive control, Actuators, Control systems design, Protactinium
In this paper, a novel application of adaptive composite structures, a University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM) smart
composite platform, is developed for the Thrust Vector Control (TVC) of satellites. The device top plate of the UHM
platform is an adaptive circular composite plate (ACCP) that utilizes integrated sensors/actuators and controllers to
suppress low frequency vibrations during the thruster firing as well as to potentially isolate dynamic responses from the
satellite structure bus. Since the disturbance due to the satellite thruster firing can be estimated, a combined strategy of
an adaptive disturbance observer (DOB) and feed-forward control is proposed for vibration suppression of the ACCP
with multi-sensors and multi-actuators. Meanwhile, the effects of the DOB cut-off frequency and the relative degree of
the low-pass filter on the DOB performance are investigated. Simulations and experimental results show that higher
relative degree of the low-pass filter with the required cut-off frequency will enhance the DOB performance for a high-order
system control. Further, although the increase of the filter cut-off frequency can guarantee a sufficient stability
margin, it may cause an undesirable increase of the control bandwidth. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive DOB
with feed-forward control strategy is verified through simulations and experiments using the ACCP system.
This paper presents the concept, control strategy, and simulations of thrust vector control of satellites. First, an innovative thrust vector control concept is introduced, which utilizes the UHM multifunctional smart parallel manipulator to provide precision position control of the thruster vector and vibration suppression capability while the thruster fires. The configuration of the thrust vector control system is then illustrated, and the satellite attitude dynamic model is built. Third, the UHM smart parallel manipulator is introduced and its kinematics and controller design are discussed. The fuzzy logic controller is employed to precisely position the smart parallel manipulator and to compensate the non-linearities due to the friction and backlash of the actuators and the tolerance of the joints. Finally, the satellite attitude controller and the fuzzy logic controller are designed, and simulations are carried out to realize the thrust vector control of a satellite. The results indicate that the smart parallel manipulator can precisely achieve the thrust vector control, the misalignment of the trust vector of the satellite can be corrected effectively, and the position accuracy of the thrust vector is 0.68 arc minutes.
This paper focuses on the development of an ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) environment with integrated PID control scheme for simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression of smart composite structures with piezoelectric flat patches acting as actuators. This environment includes three modules: structural modeling, PID controller design, and dynamic analysis of smart structures. Two types of PID controllers are investigated, namely, PID vibration suppression (PID-VS) controller and PID simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression (PIDSPPVS) controller. The PID-VS controller is suitable to perform only vibration suppression with no positioning capability. The PID-SPPVS controller is equipped with SPPVS capabilities. The characteristics of individual control gains and their behavior with respect to each other for the two PID controllers are also studied. The gain selection for the PID-VS controller is based on obtaining the best VS while the gain selection for the PID-SPPVS controller is based on achieving the best positioning accuracy and VS simultaneously. In this study, a horizontal cantilevered graphite/epoxy composite beam with one surface-mounted ACX piezoelectric flat patch located at the beam root is first modeled. Next, the FE modal analysis is performed to determine the natural frequencies and hence the time step interval
needed for the FE transient analysis. During the transient analysis, the mid-point of the beam tip is subjected to different types of external excitations such as sine loadings with different frequencies as well as random forces to evaluate the two PID controller performances. It is demonstrated that the FEA model with integrated PID-SPPVS controller is able to reach the desired position in a much shorter time in comparison to the PID-VS controller. Vibration amplitude reduction capabilities for the both PID controllers are very similar, although the PID-VS controller performs slightly better. This study also implies that the integrated FEA environment, consisting of the structural modeling of active composite structures with piezoelectric flat patches, modal and transient analyses, controller design, and simulation, provides a powerful tool for the design, analysis, and control of smart structures with SPPVS capabilities.
This paper presents the concept, control strategy, and simulations of suppressing the thruster-firing-induced vibration of satellites. First, a satellite vibration reduction concept of utilizing the UHM multifunctional platform is discussed, and the structural configurations of the platform as well as the combination of the platform and a satellite are described. A satellite-like frame with the platform is analyzed, and the predominant modes of the frame are determined. A MIMO adaptive control scheme is then developed to suppress the frame vibration, and a convergence factor vector concept is introduced to ease the multi-channel convergence rate control. This controller is adjusted based on the vibration information of the frame and drives the platform to isolate the vibration transmission from the firing thruster to the satellite structure. The entire system has ten actuators: four piezoelectric stack actuators and six piezoelectric patch actuators. Eleven vibration components of the frame and platform are controlled. Nine components are in the frame for the satellite vibration suppression, and two are in the top-device plate of the platform for the thruster vibration suppression. Finally, simulations are performed to suppress the vibration of the frame for three platform positions to simulate the misalignment correction of the satellite thrust vector. The results demonstrate that the entire frame vibration at its dominant frequency decreases to 7-10% of its uncontrolled value in the three platform positions, and the thruster vibration decreases to 7.5% of its uncontrolled value.
This paper presents control strategies and simulations of a two-DOF precision platform as an adaptive thruster mount structure with precision positioning and active vibration suppression capabilities for thrust vector control of space satellites. First, the configuration of the two-DOF precision platform is introduced, which is an intelligent tripod with two in-plane rotational degrees of freedom for the top device-plate. Precision positioning of this platform is achieved using active members that extend or contract to tilt the top device-plate where the thruster is mounted. Kinematic analysis of the platform is then presented and followed by two control strategies; namely local control strategy and global control strategy. In the local control strategy, the motion of each active member is controlled locally according to the kinematical feature of the platform and the local sensor information to achieve the desired tilt of the top device-plate. In the global control strategy, the motion of each active member is adjusted according to the system level information from a tilt sensor. Fuzzy logic control is employed and the two control strategies are simulated and compared.
KEYWORDS: Adaptive control, Ferroelectric materials, Sensors, Current controlled current source, Composites, Smart structures, Signal processing, Digital filtering, Feedback control, Ceramics
This paper focuses on adaptive internal model control of smart structures with simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression functions. First, the structure, manufacturing, and test of an Active Composite Panel (ACP) with surface-mounted piezoelectric ceramic patches are introduced. Based on the discussion of the 2-DOF internal model control scheme, an adaptive internal model control scheme is then presented, in which the controller is constructed in form of a finite impulse filter, and the filtred-x LMS algorithm is employed to adapt the coefficients of the filter. Finally, the adaptive internal model control scheme is experimentally verified on the ACP, and compared with the adaptive feedforward control scheme, showing that it can produce more accuracy and faster response process. The satisfactory performance confirms that the adaptive internal model control schem is reliable and efficient.
This paper focuses on the dynamic analysis, simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression, and experiments of Active Composite Panels (ACPs). First, the dynamics of a panel with two surface-mounted PZT patches is analyzed and measured by the finite element method and experiments. A hybrid adaptive control scheme is then proposed to achieve precision positioning and vibration suppression simultaneously. The control scheme takes advantage of two adaptive feed forward controllers and an adaptive feedback controller. The simulation results of the hybrid adaptive controller are compared with those of a PID controller, showing that it can provide better precision position and faster vibration suppression. The experimental results demonstrate that the relative precision can reach 98.5% of the required position in large vibration level, verifying that the hybrid adaptive control scheme is reliable and efficient.
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