This study investigates the feasibility of inducing crystallization in tellurite-phosphate glass within the TeO2-P2O5-BaF2- ZnF2-Na2O-Er2O3 system by direct laser writing (DLW) technique using a femtosecond laser beam operating at 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 230 fs. Two irradiation modes were examined: stationary-mode (1 MHz repetition rate, 160 nJ pulse energy, 120 s exposure time, for dot patterning) and translational-mode (200 kHz repetition rate, 10 μm/s translation speed, 470 nJ pulse energy, for line patterning) of laser irradiation. Our results, validated by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealed the formation of barium fluoride and zinc barium phosphate crystals in the areas irradiated employing stationary-mode. However, only barium fluoride nanocrystals were detected in the lines induced by the fs-laser employing the translational-mode. SEM analysis of the morphology and size of the laser-induced crystals showcased intriguing findings. In stationary-mode, barium fluoride crystals were distributed across the entire dot pattern area (30 μm), while zinc barium phosphate crystals were predominantly located at the edges of the dot spheres (with a size of 10 μm). Interestingly, barium fluoride nanocrystals with a size below 100 nm were detected in the area of laser irradiation in translational mode. Further structural analysis revealed alterations in the tellurite (TeO4) and phosphate (Q0) structural units within the glass matrix of the fs-laser crystallized tellurite-phosphate system. Moreover, we discussed the changes in erbium emission across the UV-NIR region in both laser-induced crystals and the parent glass. Notably, a stronger emission of erbium ions was observed in the glass compared to the crystalline phases, which needs further investigations. These preliminary findings underscore the potential of fs-laser writing for the development of telluritephosphate glass-ceramics.
We investigated laser-based spectroscopic techniques: phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave mixing (PC-DFWM) and laser Thomson scattering (LTS) in terms of their application to Stark profile studies in thermal plasma. PC-DFWM was used for the Stark profile determination while LTS served for plasma diagnostic purpose. Experiments were performed for thermal plasma generated in the transferred arc and burning in pure argon at atmospheric pressure. The spectral profile of the 696.543 nm ArI line was studied. Our attention was paid to the problem of the laser power influence on the measured quantities and plasma state. In the case of PC-DFWM the influence of the laser power manifests itself as broadening of the line profile that can be corrected by a simple extrapolation of the results to the zero laser intensity. On the other hand the results of the Thomson scattering show strong dependence of the electron temperature on the laser intensity and its variations during the laser pulse.
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