The wavelength of a semiconductor laser diode (LD) is modulated using the self-mixing effect to create the undulation wave. In order to determine the direction of a moving target, the number of undulations is added to the undulations of detected Doppler frequency shift. These modulated undulations are generated through the difference between the rising and falling counts of a triangular modulated current waveform of LD. A theoretical model is proposed to relate the wavelength modulation and current modulation of LD to predict the number of undulations so that the direction of a moving target can be determined.
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