Although the ultrasonic nonlinearity has been studied to evaluate the material degradation, it does not tell intuitively about the degree of material degradation so that the yield strength obtained from the destructive tensile test is still widely used. This study proposed a new algorithm to measure the linear and nonlinear elastic moduli based on the linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques, which is reduced to estimate the 0.01% offset yield strength by through the reconstruction of the tensile stress-strain curve in the form of quadratic polynomial within the elastic range. In order for demonstration, the heat-treated Al6061-T6 specimens were prepared, and the 0.01% offset yield strengths were estimated by the proposed algorithm to compare with those obtained by the tensile test. Results showed good agreement. This method can be used to evaluate the degradation of yield strength quantitatively in isotropic material.
EOIS (electro-optical imaging system) is vulnerable to laser beam because EOIS focuses the incident laser beam onto the image sensor via lens module. Accordingly, the laser-induced damage of EOIS is necessary to be identified for the counter-measure against the laser attack. In this study, the damage of CMOS EOIS and image sensor induced by CW (continuous wave) NIR (near infrared) laser was experimentally investigated. When the laser was emitted to CMOS EOIS, a temporary damage was occurred first such as flickering or dazzling and then a permanent damage was followed as the increase of laser irradiance and irradiation time. If the EIOS is composed of the optical equipment made of heatresistant material, laser beam can penetrate the lens module of EOIS without melting the lens and lens guide. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the damage of CMOS image sensor by the CW laser and we performed experimentally investigation of damage on the CMOS image sensor similar with case of CMOS EOIS. And we analyzed the experiment results by using OM (optical microscopy) and check the image quality through tomography. As the increase of laser irradiance and irradiation time, the permanent damage such as discoloration and breakdown were sequentially appeared.
Laser-induced thermal damages of a silicon wafer surface subjected to continuous near-infrared laser irradiation were investigated. Silicon wafer specimens were illuminated by a continuous-wave fiber laser beam (1070-nm wavelength) with irradiances from 93 to 186 W/cm 2 , and the surface morphology of each specimen was analyzed using optical microscopy. With increasing irradiance, straight cracks in the <110> direction appeared first, and partial melting and complete melting were subsequently observed. The mechanism of these laser-induced thermal damages in the silicon wafer surface was discussed with numerical analysis based on the heat transfer and thermoelasticity model. The irradiances initiating the cracking and melting were predicted by determining the irradiances in which the calculated thermal stress and temperature exceeded the corresponding limits of the fracture strength and melting point, respectively. These predictions agreed well with the experimental findings. Laser-induced thermal damages of the silicon wafer surface subjected to a continuous near-infrared laser irradiation were identified based on these investigations.
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