Dr. Lena M. Klasen Profile

Dr. Lena M. Klasen

Director - Science and Technology Division

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Proceedings Article | 4 May 2006 Paper

Military applications of hyperspectral imagery

X. Briottet, Y. Boucher, A. Dimmeler, A. Malaplate, A. Cini, M. Diani, H. Bekman, P. Schwering, T. Skauli, I. Kasen, I. Renhorn, L. Klasén, M. Gilmore, D. Oxford

Proceedings Volume 6239, 62390B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672030

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Image processing, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Image sensors, Reflectivity, Hyperspectral target detection, Optical properties, Defense technologies

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Optical imaging, including infrared imaging, generally has many important applications, both civilian and military. In recent years, technological advances have made multi- and hyperspectral imaging a viable technology in many demanding military application areas. The aim of the CEPA JP 8.10 program has been to evaluate the potential benefit of spectral imaging techniques in tactical military applications. This unclassified executive summary describes the activities in the program and outlines some of the results. More specific results are given in classified reports and presentations. The JP 8.10 program started in March 2002 and ended in February 2005. The participating nations were France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and United-Kingdom, each with a contribution of 2 man-years per year. Essential objectives of the program were to: 1) analyze the available spectral information in the optronic landscape from visible to infrared; 2) analyze the operational utility of multi- and hyperspectral imaging for detection, recognition and identification of targets, including low-signature targets; 3) identify applications where spectral imaging can provide a strong gain in performance; 4) propose technical recommendations of future spectral imaging systems and critical components. Finally, a stated objective of the JP 8.10 program is to "ensure the proper link with the image processing community". The presentation is organized as follows. In a first step, the two trials (Pirrene and Kvarn) are presented including a summary of the acquired optical properties of the different landscape materials and of the spectral images. Then, a phenomenology study is conducted analyzing the spectral behavior of the optical properties, understanding the signal at the sensor and, by processing spectroradiometric measurements evaluating the potential to discriminate spectral signatures. Cameo-Sim simulation software is presented including first validation results and the generation of spectral synthetic images. Results obtained on measured and synthetic images are shown and discussed with reference to two main classes of image processing tasks: anomaly detection and signature based target detection. Furthermore, preliminary works on band selection are also presented which aim to optimize the spectral configuration of an image sensor. Finally, the main conclusions of the WEAG program CEPA JP8.10 are given.

Proceedings Article | 8 December 2004 Paper

Characterizing targets and backgrounds for 3D laser radars

Ove Steinvall, Hakan Larsson, Frank Gustafsson, Tomas Chevalier, Asa Persson, Lena Klasen

Proceedings Volume 5613, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578821

KEYWORDS: Target detection, LIDAR, Vegetation, Reflection, Reflectivity, Sensors, Staring arrays, Eye, Visualization, Associative arrays

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2004 Paper

Aided target recognition from 3D laser radar data

Lena Klasen, Pierre Andersson, Hakan Larsson, Tomas Chevalier, Ove Steinvall

Proceedings Volume 5412, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542434

KEYWORDS: 3D acquisition, Target recognition, LIDAR, Sensors, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, Laser systems engineering, Data modeling, Imaging systems, Clouds

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This paper presents our ongoing research activities on target recognition from data generated by 3-D imaging laser radar. In particular, we focus on future full flash imaging 3-D sensors. Several techniques for laser range imaging are applied for modelling and simulation of data from this kind of 3-D sensor systems. Firstly, data from an experimental gated viewing system is used. Processed data from this system is useful in assisting an operator in the target recognition task. Our recent work on target identification at long ranges, using range data from the gated viewing system, provides techniques to handle turbulence, platform motion and illumination variances from scintillation and speckle noise. Moreover, the range data is expanded into 3-D by using a gating technique that provides reconstruction of the target surface structure. This is shown at distances out to 7 km. Secondly, 3-D target data is achieved at short ranges by using different scanning laser radar systems. This provides high-resolution 3-D data from scanning a target from one single view. However, several scans from multiple viewing angles can also quite easily be merged for more detailed target representations. This is, for example, very useful for recognizing targets in vegetation. Hereby, we achieve simulated 3-D sensor data from both short and long ranges (100 meters out to 7 km) at various spatial resolutions. Thirdly, real data from the 3-D flash imaging system by US Air Force Research Lab (AFRL/SNJM), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, has recently been made available to FOI and also used as input in the development of aided target recognition methods. High-resolution 3-D target models are used in the identification process and compared to the 3-D target data (point cloud) from the various laser radar systems. Finally, we give some examples from our work that clearly show that future 3-D laser radar systems in cooperation with signal- and image analysis techniques have a great potential in the non-cooperative target recognition task and will provide several new and interesting capabilities, for example, to reveal targets hidden in vegetation.

Proceedings Article | 13 September 2004 Paper

Methods for recognition of natural and man-made objects using laser radar data

Christina Groenwall, Tomas Chevalier, Asa Persson, Magnus Elmqvist, Simon Ahlberg, Lena Klasen, Pierre Andersson

Proceedings Volume 5412, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542055

KEYWORDS: Stereolithography, Lithium, LIDAR, Systems modeling, Reconstruction algorithms, Detection and tracking algorithms, Imaging systems, Laser systems engineering, 3D modeling, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2004 Paper

3D laser sensing at FOI: overview and a system perspective

Ove Steinvall, Lena Klasen, Christina Gronwall, Ulf Soderman, Simon Ahlberg, Asa Persson, Magnus Elmqvist, Hakan Larsson, Dietmar Letalick, Pierre Andersson, Tomas Carlsson, Markus Henriksson

Proceedings Volume 5412, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.553808

KEYWORDS: Sensors, LIDAR, Target recognition, Target detection, 3D modeling, Staring arrays, Laser systems engineering, Weapons, Eye, Environmental sensing

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2004 Paper

An information system for target recognition

Tobias Horney, Jorgen Ahlberg, Christina Gronwall, Martin Folkesson, Karin Silvervarg, Jorgen Fransson, Lena Klasen, Erland Jungert, Fredrik Lantz, Morgan Ulvklo

Proceedings Volume 5434, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.540968

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Target recognition, Human-machine interfaces, Data fusion, Visualization, Target detection, Telecommunications, Algorithm development, Decision support systems, Automatic target recognition

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2002 Paper

Gated viewing in the atmosphere: a study of performance limits

Lena Klasen, Ove Steinvall, Goeran Bolander, Magnus Elmqvist

Proceedings Volume 4723, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.476416

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Turbulence, Cameras, Image processing, Imaging systems, Target recognition, Image enhancement, Image quality, Image resolution, Scintillation

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The main purpose of the work presented here is to study the potential for an active imaging system for target recognition at long distances. This work is motivated by the fact that there are a number of outdoor imaging needs where conventional passive electro optical (EO) and infrared (IR) imaging systems are limited due to lack of photons, disturbing background, obscurants or bad weather. With a pulsed illuminating source, several of these problems are overcome. Using a laser for target illumination, target recognition at 10's of km can be achieved. Powerful diode pumped lasers and camera tubes with high spatial and time resolution will make this technique an interesting complement to passive EO imaging. Beside military applications, civilian applications of gated viewing for search and rescue, vehicle enhanced vision and other applications are in progress. To study the performance limitations of gated viewing systems due to camera, optics and the atmosphere an experimental system was developed. Measurements up to 10 km were made. The measurements were taken at the wavelength 532 nm. To extrapolate the results to future system performance at an eye safe wavelength, 1.5 micrometers nm, a theoretical performance model was developed. This model takes into account the camera and atmospheric influence on resolution and image quality, measured as a signal-to-noise-ratio, SNR. The result indicates turbulence influence, in agreement with the modeling. Different techniques were tested for image quality improvement and the best results were obtained by applying several processing techniques to the images. Moreover, the tests showed that turbulence seriously limits the resolution for horizontal paths close to the ground. A tactical system at 1.5 micrometers should have better performance than the used 532 nm in atmospheric-limited applications close to ground level. The potential to use existing laser range finders and the eye safety issue motivates the future use of 1.5 micrometers for gated viewing.

Proceedings Article | 18 September 2001 Paper

Waco investigation: analysis of FLIR videotapes

Lena Klasen

Proceedings Volume 4370, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.440087

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Forward looking infrared, 3D modeling, Reflection, Video, Specular reflections, Sun, Imaging systems, Thermography, Surveillance

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2001 Paper

Evaluation of a method for invariant and automated detection and tracking of objects from video

Lena Klasen, Haibo Li, Robert Forchheimer

Proceedings Volume 4232, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.417563

KEYWORDS: Video surveillance, Video, Optical flow, Cameras, Motion models, Affine motion model, Image analysis, Visualization, Image processing, Automatic tracking

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Proceedings Article | 4 February 1999 Paper

Faceless identification: a model for person identification using the 3D shape and 3D motion as cues

Lena Klasen, Haibo Li

Proceedings Volume 3576, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.334533

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Motion models, Motion estimation, Cameras, 3D image processing, Filtering (signal processing), Forensic science, Surveillance systems, Image analysis, Image compression

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 1997 Paper

Using videogrammetry and 3D image reconstruction to identify crime suspects

Lena Klasen, Olov Fahlander

Proceedings Volume 2942, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.267172

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, 3D image processing, Video, Cameras, Motion models, Video surveillance, Data modeling, Forensic science, Image compression, Surveillance systems

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 1997 Paper

Video coding for next-generation surveillance systems

Lena Klasen, Olov Fahlander

Proceedings Volume 2942, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.267178

KEYWORDS: Surveillance systems, Cameras, Video surveillance, Video, Image compression, Forensic science, Image analysis, Image quality, Video coding, Image processing

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Video is used as recording media in surveillance system and also more frequently by the Swedish Police Force. Methods for analyzing video using an image processing system have recently been introduced at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, and new methods are in focus in a research project at Linkoping University, Image Coding Group. The accuracy of the result of those forensic investigations often depends on the quality of the video recordings, and one of the major problems when analyzing videos from crime scenes is the poor quality of the recordings. Enhancing poor image quality might add manipulative or subjective effects and does not seem to be the right way of getting reliable analysis results. The surveillance system in use today is mainly based on video techniques, VHS or S-VHS, and the weakest link is the video cassette recorder, (VCR). Multiplexers for selecting one of many camera outputs for recording is another problem as it often filters the video signal, and recording is limited to only one of the available cameras connected to the VCR. A way to get around the problem of poor recording is to simultaneously record all camera outputs digitally. It is also very important to build such a system bearing in mind that image processing analysis methods becomes more important as a complement to the human eye. Using one or more cameras gives a large amount of data, and the need for data compression is more than obvious. Crime scenes often involve persons or moving objects, and the available coding techniques are more or less useful. Our goal is to propose a possible system, being the best compromise with respect to what needs to be recorded, movements in the recorded scene, loss of information and resolution etc., to secure the efficient recording of the crime and enable forensic analysis. The preventative effective of having a well functioning surveillance system and well established image analysis methods is not to be neglected. Aspects of this next generation of digital surveillance systems are discussed in this paper.

Showing 5 of 12 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Investigative Image Processing III

21 April 2003 | Orlando, Florida, United States

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