High-resolution spectral imaging of objects on ocean surfaces is difficult, because the position of these objects and the water waves on the ocean surface, as well as the illumination, vary over time. We propose a method for the reconstruction of spectral images of ocean surfaces based on the response of a standard RGB (sRGB) imaging system and a group of ocean spectrum samples. First, we measured the spectral reflectance of a typical ocean surface in the visible band using a standard spectroradiometer. Using transformations in the hue, saturation, and brightness dimensions, we then expanded these measurements to form a reference group of spectral reflectance samples along with their corresponding sRGB values. Following this, we established a method for reconstructing the spectral image cube of an ocean surface from a single sRGB image using a spectrum dictionary and RGB value matching. Our technique thus eliminates the problem of conversion from a three-dimensional RGB space to a multidimensional spectral space faced by conventional spectral reconstruction methods. In our experiments, we captured a series of sRGB standard images of a typical ocean surface using a standard digital color camera, and then reconstructed the spectral image cube from 400 to 700 nm using a 5-nm interval. Based on assessment of the quality of the reconstructed spectral images, our technique demonstrates desirable performance with respect to spectral distribution and spatial resolution.
This research aims to study the color distribution of ocean surface over Chinese surrounding sea areas in the CIELAB color space. We measure the spectral reflectance of the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea by using an underwater vertical profile spectrometer. Based on the standard formula of 1931CIEXYZ tristimulus values, the tristimulus values of the ocean surface color of each sea area were calculated and the ocean surface color were reproduced. The octree color quantization was used to quantify the chromaticity values of each sea area and the main chroma value information distribution of ocean surface was obtained in the CIELAB uniform color space. The obtained results are encouraging in that the chroma information of the ocean surface show differences in different sea areas and have their own characteristics.
KEYWORDS: Neural networks, Visualization, Color difference, Visual process modeling, LCDs, Artificial neural networks, Lithium, Human vision and color perception, Statistical modeling, Standards development
The complexity of cross-media color reproduction is that even the problem of device dependence of color space is solved, color distortion still exists in the different background and viewing condition. In this study, the color characterization for the computer monitor is established with visual matching experiments that based on the color appearance model CIECAM02 and back propagation neural network (BPNN). After analyzing prediction results and the influence of training methods, transfer function, the number of hidden layers and nodes of BPNN, ‘log-sigmoid’ is selected as transfer function, the structure of BPNN is 3-6-6-6-3 in this paper. The average prediction color difference of training samples and test samples are 1.016 and 1.726 respectively within acceptable range of color difference of human vision.
As the development of the polychrome printing technology, more and more pigments are available on printing and packaging industry, which has brought new requirements to the on-line color defect detection for printed matter. There are always difficulties for traditional detecting approaches with commercial RGB cameras to provide competent color resolution due to the color gamut limitation. In this communication, we proposed a snapshot multispectral imaging method using a novel spectral filter array (SFA), which has eight spectral channels and one panchromatic channel. Spectral reconstruction and color reproduction was carried out by using BP network with the training on Munsell colors and typical printed samples. We defined the empirical threshold values for color defect detection in the spectral vector space, and demonstrated the validity of this method with practical printed matter experiments.
In this paper, we reported the laboratory spectral calibration of an ultraviolet (UV) Fourier transform imaging spectrometer (FTIS). A short overview of the designed UV-FTIS, which feature with a Cassegrain objective, an Offner relay optics system and a spatial-and-temporal modulation Michelson structure, is given. The experimental setup of spectral calibration is described, including details of the light source and integrating sphere. A high pressure mercury lamp was used to acquire reference spectrum. We calculated the all optical path difference (OPD) to achieve spectral response of every wavelength sample and divided the position of reference peak to subpixel to increase the precision of spectral calibration. The spectrum of spectral calibration show two weakly responded peaks, which was validated by reference spectrum of fiber optic spectrometer. The deviation of wavelength calibration is low to establish a best spectrometer resolution. The results of spectral calibration can meet the requirements of the UV-FTIS application.
KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Statistical analysis, Optical engineering, Printing, Principal component analysis, Color difference, Seaborgium, Lithium, Reconstruction algorithms, RGB color model
The use of spectral reflectance as fundamental color information finds application in diverse fields related to imaging. Many approaches use training sets to train the algorithm used for color classification. In this context, we note that the modification of training sets obviously impacts the accuracy of reflectance reconstruction based on classical reflectance reconstruction methods. Different modifying criteria are not always consistent with each other, since they have different emphases; spectral reflectance similarity focuses on the deviation of reconstructed reflectance, whereas colorimetric similarity emphasizes human perception. We present a method to improve the accuracy of the reconstructed spectral reflectance by adaptively combining colorimetric and spectral reflectance similarities. The different exponential factors of the weighting coefficients were investigated. The spectral reflectance reconstructed by the proposed method exhibits considerable improvements in terms of the root-mean-square error and goodness-of-fit coefficient of the spectral reflectance errors as well as color differences under different illuminants. Our method is applicable to diverse areas such as textiles, printing, art, and other industries.
KEYWORDS: Glucose, Near infrared, Blood, Indium gallium arsenide, Sensors, Absorption, Signal to noise ratio, Fourier transforms, Near infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy
Near infrared (NIR) has prospectively applied in non-invasive blood glucose measurement due to glucose absorption among the 1.0-2.5m spectral bands. However, this significant technology is hard to be developed because of other blood components and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this work, we presented a non-invasive glucose measurement system using Fourier transform spectrometer which will work in fingertips or other human body tissues. A refrigerated InGaAs detector with high quantum efficiency performing well in the range of 1.0-1.7μm wavelength is used to acquire transmissive radiation. Preliminary experiment investigations were set up to test glucose levels of aqueous solutions with different concentrations. The analytical modeling of the interferogram data is based on arithmetic Fourier transform and supported by the curvilineal characterization. Experimental results show the variation of light intensity among different glucose concentrations and emphasize the obvious absorption of glucose in NIR wave-range. This study confirms the suitability that NIR can be developed in non-invasive glucose measurement.
A new calibration method for infrared hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform spectrometer is presented. Two kinds of common materials as Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) films which have special absorption peaks in the infrared band were used in the calibration experiment. As the wavelengths at the sharp absorption peaks of the films are known, an infrared imaging spectrometer can be calibrated on spectra with two or three peaks. With high precision and stability, this method simplifies the calibration work. It is especially appropriate for the measuring condition with a lack of calibration equipment or with inconvenience to calibrate the multiple light sources outdoors.
This paper reported the algorithm for Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Radiometric Spectrometer Technology. Six different apodization functions are been used and compared, and the phase corrected technologies of Forman is researched and improved, fast fourier transform(FFT)is been used in this paper instead of the linear convolution to reduce the quantity of computation.The interferograms is achieved by the Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Radiometric Spectrometer which are corrected and rebuilded by the improved algorithm, this algorithm reduce the noise and accelerate the computing speed with the higher accuracy of spectrometers.
KEYWORDS: LED displays, Visual process modeling, Image quality, Contrast sensitivity, Human vision and color perception, Light emitting diodes, Spatial frequencies, 3D modeling, Digital cameras, Cameras
Moiré pattern can be readily observed in the case of superimposing two periodic structures. Recently, Moiré pattern, which degrades the quality of an image, become unavoidable in many LED display and three-dimensional displays, which consist of regular structures. Therefore, a model of moiré which fit the character of human vision is important to solve the problem of image quality degradation. In this paper, we modified the the model of Moiré which proposed by Amidror to evaluate the color moiré fringes, which consider the property of human vision system of contrast sensitivity. From the modified model we conclude that moiré minimization could have two lattice form an certain angle. The experimental results show that moiré pattern are vivid when the angle is 0°, 15°, 20° and 45°. However, the spatial frequency of Moiré in 10°, 25°, 30° and 35° are fine in spatial domain. It is also reveal that changing angle is simple and effective in alleviating remarkably Moiré pattern.
Conventional identification methods of writing traces commonly utilize imaging or spectroscopic techniques which work in visible to near infrared range or short-wave infrared range. Yet they cannot be applied in identifying the erased writing traces. In this study, we perform a research in identification of erased writing traces applying an ultraviolet Fouriertransform imaging spectrometer. Experiments of classifying the reflected ultraviolet spectra of erasable pens are made. The resulting hyperspectral images demonstrate that the erased writing traces on printing paper can be clearly identified by this ultraviolet imaging spectrometer.
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