Despite the high linearity of Al(Sc)N as piezoelectric actuator material, quasi-static MEMS mirrors show exemplary differences due to intrinsic stress. To control the static and dynamic behavior of the mirror, an electronic control system may be used. Rapid control prototyping (RCP) can be a helpful tool for developing generic or application-specific control schemes. This paper provides a practical introduction to the RCP approach and demonstrates it in practice with a gimbal-less bi-axial micro mirror. The application example is a long-range LIDAR system with optical positioning tolerance <0.1 degree and <400 µs point-to-point transition rate. An open loop control is implemented with a digital filter (finite-duration impulse response, FIR), using standard functions from MATLAB®/Simulink® to generate a random signal, a model of the mirror and a Gaussian filter. The response to the filtered input signal is simulated before running the control scheme on the RCP system. The modeling process relies on automatic code generation to program the RCP target system or other supported platforms.
In this work, 2D MEMS quasi-static mirrors based on piezoelectric, non-ferroelectric AlScN/AlN actuators with three different mirror plates (diameters of 2 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm) using a design and manufacturing platform will be reported. While the AlN/AlScN driving actuators ensure high linearity and large tilting angles, the multiple-waferbonding technique via glass fritting enables 3D construction of the MEMS mirrors and hermetic sealing. Even though there is no request on vacuum package for quasi-static driving, hermitic sealing on wafer level with appropriate interior pressure level within the sealing improves the mechanical robustness of the MEMS components and protects them from the particles and humidity from the environment. Since the main design concept was adopted from the previous work and adapted for different aperture sizes, this paper will focus on reporting further simulation results on mechanical behaviors, especially shock survivability under very harsh environment, the technology efforts and results of utilizing such a design and manufacturing platform for AlScN/AlN driven MEMS mirrors.
In this work, 2D piezoelectrically driven MEMS circular scanners have been designed, fabricated and tested. These mirrors own large optical apertures of 7 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm for good beam shapes. Also HR-coating layers for 515 nm and 1050 nm reaching up to 99.99% reflexion and 0.1% transmission were applied onto the mirror surface for the suitability of high power laser, where the wavelengths were specified according to the laser source development demands. Based on piezoelectric position sensing elements integrated on the MEMS mirrors a closed-loop control was developed. In this paper the design efforts, realizing circular-scanning and eliminating non-linearity during mode superposition, and fabrication efforts will be reported. Characterization results focusing on mechanical behaviors, position sensing signal, HR-coating will be also important parts of this work.
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