Dr. Lisa M. Bonanno-Young Profile

Dr. Lisa M. Bonanno-Young

Bionanotechnology and Diagnostics Development

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2010 Paper

Hybrid nanoporous silicon optical biosensor architectures for biological sample analysis

Lisa Bonanno, Hong Zheng, Lisa DeLouise

Proceedings Volume 7553, 75530L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.847973

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Refractive index, Water, Polymers, Target detection, Nanoparticles, Signal detection, Silicon, Transducers, Receptors

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This work focuses on demonstrating proof-of-concept for a novel nanoparticle optical signal amplification scheme employing hybrid porous silicon (PSi) sensors. We are investigating the development of target responsive hydrogels integrated with PSi optical transducers. These hybrid-PSi sensors can be designed to provide a tunable material response to target concentration ranging from swelling to complete chain dissolution. The corresponding refractive index changes are significant and readily detected by the PSi transducer. However, to increase signal to noise, lower the limit of detection, and provide a visual read out capability, we are investigating the incorporation of high refractive index nanoparticles (NP) into the hydrogel for optical signal amplification. These NPs can be nonspecifically encapsulated, or functionalized with bioactive ligands to bind polymer chains or participate in cross linking. In this work, we demonstrate encapsulation of high refractive index QD nanoparticles into a 5wt% polyacrylamide hydrogel crosslinked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and N,N Bis-acryloyl cystamine (BAC). A QD loading (~0.29 wt%) produced a 2X larger optical shift compared to the control. Dissolution of disulphide crosslinks, using Tris[2-carboxyethyl] phosphine (TCEP) reducing agent, induced gel swelling and efficient QD release. We believe this hybrid sensor concept constitutes a versatile technology platform capable of detecting a wide range of bio/chemical targets provided target analogs can be linked to the polymer backbone and crosslinks can be achieved with target responsive multivalent receptors, such a antibodies. The optical signal amplification scheme will enable a lower limit of detection sensitivity not yet demonstrated with PSi technology and colorimetric readout visible to the naked eye.

Proceedings Article | 19 February 2009 Paper

Design of a hybrid amine functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel-porous silicon optical sensor

Lisa Bonanno, Lisa DeLouise

Proceedings Volume 7167, 71670F (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809201

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Polymers, Solids, Silicon, Refractive index, Manganese, Optical sensors, Sodium, Target detection, Molecules

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This work focuses on the development of a proof-of-concept optical sensor design that incorporates an amine-functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel into a 1D porous silicon (PSi) photonic crystal. The PSi acts as both a template and a transducer capable of detecting morphological and dielectric changes in the incorporated hydrogel structure. Free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and N-(3- aminopropyl)-methacrylamide (NA) monomers was utilized to form copolymer chains with a controlled concentration of nucleophilic amine moieties. These amine groups facilitated chemical cross-linking of the copolymer chain to generate hydrogel networks. A molar fraction of >2 mol% of NA monomer was needed to facilitate a visibly gelatinous hydrogel in a 5 wt% polymer solution. Addition of sodium formate (chain transfer agent) during copolymer synthesis facilitated decreased copolymer chain length and improved infiltration of the copolymer into the p-type PSi mesoporous sensor (pore diameters ~20-30 nm). Controlled cross-linking of the copolymer chains was completed with using glutaraldehyde, as a model system, to form a hydrogel network that could be optically monitored by the incorporated PSi sensor. These results lay foundation for extending this versatile methodology towards the design of an affinity based complimentary target-probe system to create a hybrid target-responsive hydrogel-PSi chemical sensor.

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