We describe a fabrication method for arrays of microlenses of low f-number by using a surface coating and dispensing technology. We demonstrate how to achieve a low f-number by selectively changing the surface wettability, as well as how to precisely control the f-number through control of the dispensing time. This advance enables the fabrication of arrays of microlenses with diameters varying from 400 to 1400 μm, f-number as low as 0.95. In addition, the optical performance tests indicate that this method is suitable for high performance microlens array fabrication. This dispensing technology may be low cost and allow fast fabrication of high-speed microlens arrays, and may thus be particularly useful for biologically inspired advanced optical systems.
A new jitter measurement method for multi-level discs is presented in this paper. This method, with merits such as high precision, flexible and low cost, combines the traditional pulse counting method and interpolation algorithm. The principle of this method is explained in detail, and its precision is analyzed. The analysis result is shown to be very effective. It has a broad application prospect and practical value in quality evaluation of multi-level discs.
Lens actuator is one of the most important components in an optical pickup system, which decides the performance of the disc readout system. A significant advance in technical capability has recently been achieved in the fabrication of integrated micro lens actuators of optical pickup by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. A comb-drive tracking and focusing integrated lens actuator fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer has been reported. Twodimensional tuning of the objective lens is generated by the integrated comb structures. Large displacements of about ±24.6μm in tracking direction and 5.7μm in focusing direction are demonstrated. The device has a high sensitivity and an ignorable coupling between the two dimensional driving movements. The small-form-factor device provides an excellent performance and size reduction. Furthermore, high quality polymer micro-lenses with high numerical aperture (NA) are fabricated on a pre-patterned hydrophobic glass substrate by liquid dispensing. The surface profiles are adjusted by the patterned diameter and the volume of the dispensed polymer, which is controlled by the dispensing time. This extremely low cost, high NA and easily fabricated lens represents an important step for further integration of the pickup system, thus expands the application area of optical storage.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Combustion, Modulation, Signal processing, Clocks, Data hiding, Computer programming, Eye, Optical storage, Optical discs
A new kind of multi-level recordable disc is presented in this paper. By improving the recording control signal in DVD-R/RW burning process, a Multi-level disc with signal waveform modulation can be achieved. The multi-level recording method increases the recording density but also the channel noise. The optimally designed partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) equalizer is effective in recovering channel symbol, and the original error rate reach 10E-4. This kind of multi-level method can be used for the purpose such as increasing the capacity of disc, hiding data and burning disc identification information etc.
This paper presents a novel adaptive signal quality evaluation method for Signal Waveform Modulation Multi-Level (SWM-ML) disc. The experimental results show the adaptive signal quality evaluation method is useful and proper for SWM ML disc.
This paper presents the new development of the signal waveform modulation optical disc. The signal waveform
modulation optical disc is realized through inserting a sub-pit/sub-land into an original land/pit. More storage states are
realized with changing the size and position of the sub-pits/sub-lands, which influence the corresponding readout signal
waveforms. Modulation code and its realization are key technologies for signal waveform modulation optical disc. In this
study, we employ maximum run transition code and level modulation process as the modulation code of signal waveform
modulation optical disc. A 5/6MTR (2, 10) code is designed as the first step of the proposed modulation code, and the
level modulation process are used to avoid multilevel on shortest runs. The realization process of the proposed code is
presented, and the maximum level numbers for different run-length marks are investigated with the calculated readout
signals.
KEYWORDS: Servomechanisms, Signal detection, Sensors, Analog electronics, Signal processing, Digital video discs, Modulation, Digital signal processing, Field programmable gate arrays, Actuators
This paper presents the improved readout system of multi-level signal waveform modulation read-only disk. The
experimental results show the performance of the improved readout system is better than that of the former system.
KEYWORDS: Modulation, Digital video discs, Optical storage, Data storage, Signal to noise ratio, Signal processing, Optical engineering, Optical recording, 3D optical data storage, Optical discs
Multilevel modulation coding is the core technology for multilevel optical storage. The technology is employed to
increase the capacity of the read-only disc with no change on original recording symbols size. With the combination of
multilevel modulation and the run-length limited modulation, short run-length with low levels can form long run-length
with high levels while it also suitable for long run-length by short run-lengths. And the DC-suppression can be controlled
by the allowance of long run-length without sacrifice effective bits. This double-modulation scheme not only can
improve coding efficiency, but also can greatly increase the recording density. In this paper, the theory of multilevel
run-length limited modulation coding is discussed. And a high rate of 6/7, five level (1,8) code scheme is proposed. This
scheme can increase the recording density compared to that in of DVD. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed
scheme could be used for the next high-density multilevel run-length limited modulation optical storage system.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Modulation, Signal to noise ratio, Signal detection, Optical storage, Servomechanisms, Control systems, Data storage, Error analysis, Interference (communication)
Multilevel storage is the easiest two-dimensional storage technology. On the basis of recording and read-out optical
system of Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), by the method of multilevel run-length coding, the storage capacity can be
increased by 60 percent of DVD9's, reaching 14 Giga Bytes.
In order to meet the requirement of a 10-4 raw Bit Error Rate (BER) of data readout, this paper presents a method of
multilevel run-length coding with changeable level numbers. This method can take advantage of run-length redundancy
to the utmost and reduce Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by multilevel run-length. Multilevel run-length coding
uses the method of two steps modulation. This paper introduces a coding method of DK (1, 9) and R=1 code rate.
Realized by Pulse Width Modulation, multilevel run-length modulation coding with changeable level has good
symmetry. Its readout characteristics are the same as that of DVD with normal run-length modulation, therefore the
servo control system needn't be changed. Also the signal can be recognized in two aspects respectively, run-length and
level. In the sample disc, average raw BER in the two aspects is less than 10-3.
Multilevel run-length modulation coding could be applied in various systems of run-length modulation coding. On the
basis of the structure and characteristics of the primitive system, the comprehensive efficiency of coding could be
increased by 33 to 50 percent.
KEYWORDS: Servomechanisms, Digital video discs, Modulation, Optical discs, Error analysis, Device simulation, Optical storage, Numerical simulations, Data storage, Signal detection
Our team have proposed and implemented a new type of multi-level DVD, which features in using the waveform to
differentiate levels. Servo accuracy is an important issue for an optical disk system, since it can directly influence the
quality of readout signal. This paper analyses the influence of servo error on the readout signal for our multi-level DVD
using numerical simulation. A readout model is established, where focus error (FE) and tracking error (TE) is introduced.
A new parameter, waveform deviation, is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the influence. Simulation results show that
the influences of TE/FE on readout signal are similar. Each of them will shrink the dynamic range of readout signal.
When TE/FE exceeds a threshold, the waveform deviation will increase sharply.
Disc scratches, dusts and noise corruption et al. will cause data sequence errors including random errors and burst errors.
With the recording density of multilevel (ML) optical storage system increasing, the same length of scratches on the
surface of optical disc will bring more burst errors in ML DVD than conventional optical recording systems, e.g., digital
versatile disc (DVD) and compact disc (CD). A new interleaving scheme based on Reed-Solomon code (RS) is proposed
to solve this problem. In DVD system, the burden of the Parity of Outer-code (PO) is huge, while the Parity of Innercode
(PI) has more correcting ability than needed. The new interleaving algorithm adjusts the structure of data frame and
block and improves the interleaving depth of ECC block to reduce the burden of PO. The results of numerical
simulations are presented to verify the performance of the new interleaving algorithm compared with RSPC. The new
proposed scheme can correct maximum burst error length of the proposed code is 6912 bytes. Burst error correcting
capacity of the proposed scheme is improved up to137.4% more than that of the RSPC.
Nowadays, OMNERC research group is going to advance the capacity to 15GB by reducing the 3T pit length and
increasing the level of long pit based on the signal waveform modulation (SWM) ML recording technology. In order to
prove this method is realizable, this paper proposes the restriction points of consideration to reduce the minimum pit
length which influence the basic specification design of multi-level disk and the difficulty of the following signal
processing. Firstly the restriction of optical pick-up resolution is considered. Secondly, the restriction caused by read-out
channel is discussed in the paper. At the same time as write strategy has its limit based on the previous research, this
paper finally discuss the influence caused by minimize shortest pit length for level design of long length pit.
During the design process of Blu-ray Disc Optical Pick-Up (BD OPU), the optical system design plays a significant role,
and the collimator lens design is especially important. According to the PW optical design formulas, this paper
calculates the initial parameters of collimator lens. It chooses the triplet type collimator lens instead of aspheric lens to
design in order to reduce the manufacture difficulty according to the real situation in China. And then based on the
initial parameters of collimator lens, the paper optimizes the triplet collimator lens to reach a good quality effect of
parallel beam. At last it puts these design data into manufacture and adjusts the distance between the LD and the
collimator lens by using the sleeve mechanism structure to see the real effect of collimating. Finally the assembly
experiment of whole BD OPU validates these design that it can be used in BD OPU very well.
KEYWORDS: Optical discs, Data storage, Reliability, Manufacturing, Digital video discs, Digital recording, Phase only filters, Humidity, Data archive systems, Climatology
"Quality requirements and handling regulation of archival optical disc for electronic records filing" is released by The
State Archives Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAAC) on its network in March 2007. This document
established a complete operative managing process for optical disc data storage in archives departments. The quality
requirements of the optical disc used in archives departments are stipulated. Quality check of the recorded disc before
filing is considered to be necessary and the threshold of the parameter of the qualified filing disc is set down. The
handling regulations for the staffs in the archives departments are described. Recommended environment conditions of
the disc preservation, recording, accessing and testing are presented. The block error rate of the disc is selected as main
monitoring parameter of the lifetime of the filing disc and three classes pre-alarm lines are created for marking of
different quality check intervals. The strategy of monitoring the variation of the error rate curve of the filing discs and
moving the data to a new disc or a new media when the error rate of the disc reaches the third class pre-alarm line will
effectively guarantee the data migration before permanent loss. Only when every step of the procedure is strictly
implemented, it is believed that long-term reliability of the data storage on optical disc for archives departments can be
effectively ensured.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Servomechanisms, Analog electronics, Signal detection, Digital signal processing, Signal processing, Sensors, Control systems, Field programmable gate arrays, Actuators
The Radio Frequency (RF) signal of the Multi-Level Run-Length-Limited (ML-RLL) read-only disc is different from
that of DVD, so the readout system of the ML-RLL read-only disc is built specially. The readout system of the ML-RLL
read-only disc can realize servo control, RF signal readout and so on. The readout system consists of Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) traverse, analog front-end and digital processing part. Analog front-end can realize front-end amplification
of the output signal of the optical pick-up and power drive of mechanism. Digital processing part mainly consists of
digital circuits, which functions are the servo controlling, demodulation and decoding of RF signal, general control and
so on. The whole system is implemented on two Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chips and the experimental
results show a good performance. We tested the important signals, and experimental results are also given to verify the
performance of this development platform, which meets the controlling and detecting requirements to multi-level
read-only disc completely. The Bit Error Rate (SER) can achieve below 10-4.
This article introduces DVD Download specification and Manufacturing On Demand (MOD) system firstly. Then it will
show a designed MOD system and analyze the function of each part in it. In this system, we need to combine two DVD's
files into one disc automatically, so in the last part, the article shows work on this problem and achievement up to now.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Servomechanisms, Digital signal processing, Optical discs, Atomic force microscopy, Signal processing, Analytical research, Optical storage, Modulation, Reflectivity
Multi-level run-length limited (ML-RLL) recording technology can increase the capacity of the read-only disc without changing the optical and mechanical units. The characteristic of the push-pull signal of the multi-level run-length limited read-only disc is analyzed and compared with that of the conventional DVD read-only disc. Experimental results show the effect of the variation of pit depth is more than other parameters and the peak-to-peak amplitude of the push-pull signal in the ML-RLL read-only disc is about 2.9 times of that in the DVD read-only disc while the variance is nearly 3.2 times. The push-pull method in the ML-RLL read-only disc is more sensitive than that in the conventional DVD read-only disc.
The lens actuator is one of the most important mechanical-electrical components in optical disc systems. It is used for adjusting the attitude and position of the objective lens. When it works, the resonance vibration including the first resonance and higher order resonance will happen near the resonance frequency, which will weaken the servo control capability, thus additional damper glue is necessary to restrain the resonance magnitude. In order to obtain better damping performance, the location of the damper glue and the structure of the damping filler are very important to control the resonance magnitude. In this paper, according to the flow feature of the damper glue, damping models in focusing, tracking and tilting direction are established with the help of Oseen flow equation, and equivalent damping coefficients are derived. Some samples with the design parameters are fabricated and tested, the damping coefficients obtained form the experiment are compared with the theoretical results, which shows the validity of the proposed fluid model and the design method.
A new rate 8/12 4-level run-length limited (2, 9) code with spaced pits/lands constraint has been constructed.
The code efficiency is high of 94.0%, and the density ratio is 2.0 bits per minimum recorded mark. The encoder
has six states and the decoder window length is only two. This byte-oriented code is very suitable to be applied
in practical multi-level read-only optical disc systems.
This paper deals with the actuator movement measurement for objective lens actuator in optical pickup. An optical pickup is an optical apparatus to record and/or reproduce information from an optical disc, and move in a radial direction on the optical disc. The objective lens actuator helps move an objective lens in a tracking direction, a focusing direction, and/or a tilting direction, spot the laser beam on a correct portion of the optical disc. It basically carries out tracking and focusing movements, i.e., a biaxial movement. For high recording density media, the optical pickup actuator requires a triaxial or quadriaxial movement including a tilting movement in addition to the existing biaxial movement. For information recording and/or reproducing correctly, the movement range of the actuator should be proper to accurately follow the disc deviation. Alternative methods of movement measurement have been proposed. One method employed now uses a plane plate reflecting laser beam which describes the movement. It requires two laser devices for tracking direction and the focusing direction measurement respectively. Here we propose a method for describing the tracking and focusing movements on one laser device. In this method an external cone is used, with the same weight as the objective lens. It could reflect laser beam back to the linear CCD. The diameter of the external cone base is equal to that of the objective, which is crucial for a stable placement. The ratio of height to width of the external cone is designed and optimized, so that to satisfy the accuracy of the movement measurement and minimize the device. Measurement with this method has proved satisfactory for certain CD/DVD optical pickup.
KEYWORDS: Actuators, Magnetic tracking, Optical tracking, Signal processing, Magnetism, Mechanics, Digital video discs, Objectives, Performance modeling, Signal analyzers
The lens actuator is the important mechanical-electrical component in the optical disk reading/recording system.
According to the error signals from the optical pickup reading/writing process, namely the focusing and tracking error
signals, the focusing coils as well as the tracking coils are applied the corresponding corrective current (or voltage), thus,
the force generated by the current-on coils in the magnetic field will real-time actuate the objective lens to make the
focusing spot precisely fall on the disc information track, realizing the data reading/writing. As wire suspension type, the
suspension model determines the wire design process. According to the material mechanics, the force distribution on the
wires is analyzed and the four wire suspension model is set up, thus, the wire parameters are designated and the natural
frequency as well as the static sensitivity of the moving part can be determined. After serial material experiments using
Instron 5848 Microtester, better treatment for the wire fabrication is adopted with 1.5 hour aging and sliver cover-layer.
Moreover, the actuator with the suspension wire is tested by the laser vibrometer and results show the good performance
of the actuator, which proves the feasibility of the suspension model. Although the suspension model is set up on the four
wire suspension actuator used in DVD-ROM, it can also be used in the six wire suspension actuator in the HD DVD and
Blu-Ray.
KEYWORDS: Modulation, Digital video discs, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Optical recording, Signal detection, Device simulation, Optical discs, Optical storage, Binary data
Multi-level optical recording using run-length-limited (RLL) modulation is a novel method to significantly increase
the information recording density without changing optical or mechanical parameters. In this paper, the
experimental results of four-level RLL modulation on read-only digital versatile discs (DVD-ROM) are introduced.
A new DC-free 4-level RLL (2, 8) code with code rate of 8/10 (bits/symbol) is designed, and a partialresponse
maximum-likelihood (PRML) detector is adopted to evaluate the detection performance of multi-level
readout signals. By analyzing and comparing the simulation performances of different PRML schemes, we
conclude that PR(1, 2, 2, 2, 1) target is preferred to be applied in four-level RLL modulation DVD channels.
In Blu-ray Disc Optical Pick-up, the collimating and beam shaping play a significant role for laser beam process. So this
paper firstly gives out a collimating and beam shaping system according to China manufacture situation. And then based
on Laser Optics and Fourier Optics, this paper improves the calculation method of energy coupling efficiency for
collimator lens. At last, it builds a simple Interference Instrument which is used for adjusting the collimator lens and
beam shaper. This apparatus is built based on the theory of interference theory. The simplest example of an
electromagnetic wave is the plane wave. The plane wave is produced by a monochromatic point source at infinity and is
approximated by a collimated light source. Here the paper uses this Interference Instrument to assemble the collimator
lens with laser diode and check the quality of the beam shaping. Meanwhile this collimating and beam shaping system
can be produced easily in China, as it is suitable for Chinese optical element manufacture skill lever and can be precise
assembled by using simple instruments. So it will make that producing BD OPU in China with a lower cost comes true.
A new rate 8/12 4-level run-length limited (2, 9) code with spaced pits/lands constraint has been constructed.
The code effciency is high of 94.0%, and the density ratio is 2.0 bits per minimum recorded mark. The encoder
has six states and the decoder window length is only two. This byte-oriented code is very suitable to be applied
in practical multi-level read-only optical disc systems.
KEYWORDS: Modulation, Digital video discs, Signal detection, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Optical recording, Optical storage, Atomic force microscopy, Binary data, Amplitude modulation
Multi-level run-length-limited (ML-RLL) modulation on optical storage channels is a promising method to increase
the recording density effectively. In this paper, some experimental results of 4-level RLL modulation on
digital versatile disc (DVD) read-only discs are firstly presented. A new DC-free 4-ary RLL (2, 8) code with
code rate of 8/10 (bits/symbol) is designed, and partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detection is used
to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of multi-level readout signals. Experimental and simulation
results show the feasibility of 4-level RLL modulation on DVD channels.
A new high efficient DC-free 3-ary run-length limited (RLL) code for 3-level optical recording system is presented. Signal processing techniques, partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML), which is used for recovery data from readout signal, is discussed.
It is well known that the optical pick-up (OPU) plays a very important role in optical storage system. And the quality of OPU can be measured by the characteristics of OPU read-out spot for high density optical storage. Therefore this paper mainly designs an OPU model for high density optical storage to study the characteristics of OPU read-out spot. Firstly it analyses the optical read-out principle in OPU and contrives an optical read-out system based on the hereinbefore theory. In this step it chiefly designs the grating, splitter, collimator lens and objective lens. Secondly based on the aberrations analysis and theory involved by the splitter, the collimator lens and the optical lens, the paper uses the software CODE V to calculate the aberrations and to optimize the optical read-out system. Then the author can receive an ideal OPU read-out spot for high density optical storage and obtain the characteristics of the ideal OPU read-out spot. At the same time this paper analyses some influence factors which can directly affect the characteristics of the OPU read-out spot. Thirdly according to the up data the author practically manufactures a real optical pick-up to validate the hereinbefore designed optical read-out system. And it uses the Optical Spot Analyzer to get the image of the read-out spot. Comparing the ideal image to the actual image of the designed optical read-out system, the author finds out that the upwards analyses and design is suitable for high density storage and can be used in the actual production. And the author also receives the conclusion that the mostly influences on characteristics of OPU read-out spot for high density optical storage factors is not only the process of designing the grating, splitter, collimator lens and objective lens, but also the assembling work precision
4-Level Run-Length Limited (4L-RLL) optical storage based on photo-chromic materials is firstly investigated in this paper to our knowledge. Unlike binary recording, information in Multi-Level Run-Length Limited (ML-RLL) modulation system is carried in both the amplitude and length of the marks. ML-RLL optical storage can increase the recording density and data transfer rate with no changes to the optical/mechanical unit. For photo-chromic materials, different levels of input laser power amplitude give rise to different reflection levels. Using optimal write strategies, a 4 level linear playback signal was obtained and the sigma-to-dynamic range (SDR) of the 4-level signal was calculated. The results show that the SDR is low enough to provide low bits error rate (BER).
As the executive part, the actuator of optical pick-up (OPU) accomplishes the servo action actually. The dynamic characteristics of the OPU actuator determine the precision of focusing and tracking servo system, so it will influence the reading performance of optical pick-up. As the density of optical storage increases, the OPU actuator has a high servo bandwidth for its focusing and tracking control to follow dynamic disturbances by high density and high rotational speed of disk. The dynamic response curve should be as smooth as possible in its linear area. In this paper, the influence of the rolling of moving part on the actuator's dynamic characteristics is studied. Because of some design reasons, the moving part of the actuator may roll in three dimensions during the working status. It's one of the most important factors to influence the dynamic characteristics of actuator. Firstly, the reason of rolling and the influence on dynamic characteristics are studied. In the design of actuator we should pay attention to three important points, which are the gravitational point, the equivalent driving force point and the equivalent sustained point. When the three points are not accordant during the moving action, the rolling occurs. The dynamic response curve will have some unexpected resonances at certain frequency area. This phenomenon is analyzed by kinetic method. Secondly, a model of the actuator is founded referring to an actual type of actuator. By finite element analysis software (ANSYS), the mechanical and magnetic simulation is performed. The special distributing of electromagnetic field is described and the driving force is analyzed. Thirdly, the dynamic characteristics of some actuators with rolling are tested. The experimental result is consistent with the simulation result. So the validity of this study is verified. At last, the possible methods to avoid rolling of moving part are introduced.
KEYWORDS: Actuators, Servomechanisms, Error analysis, Digital video discs, Optical storage, Computing systems, Optical discs, Signal detection, Signal generators, Optical engineering
Based on the focus pre-search a method is presented to measure the characters of the traverse focus error detection system. In the pre-search of traverse focus servo system, the traverse focus offset is measured by the focus error occurring time, and the traverse focus error sensitivity and linear range are measured by the focus error slope and peak-to-peak value. A traverse focus error detection system is measured. The results show that the traverse focus offset is too high to stable the focus servo.
KEYWORDS: Servomechanisms, Spindles, Optical storage, Digital signal processing, Control systems, Optical discs, Linear filtering, Oscillators, Clocks, Sensors
Phase locked loop (PLL) is a closed loop automatic control system, which can track the phase of input signal. It widely applies in each area of electronic technology. This paper research the phase locked loop in optical memory servo area. This paper introduces the configuration of digital phase locked loop (PLL) and phase locked servo system, the control theory, and analyses system's stability. It constructs the phase locked loop experiment system of optical disk spindle servo, which based on special chip. DC motor is main object, this system adopted phase locked servo technique and digital signal processor (DSP) to achieve constant linear velocity (CLV) in controlling optical spindle motor. This paper analyses the factors that affect the stability of phase locked loop in spindle servo system, and discusses the affection to the optical disk readout signal and jitter due to the stability of phase locked loop.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Switches, Combustion, Interfaces, Circuit switching, Clocks, Optical storage, Data storage, Computer architecture, Digital recording
In this paper, we discuss a bus sharing architecture to implement a minimal unit for DVD jukebox. The bandwidth of host channel is usually tens times of the data rate of one disk. We integrate several DVD-ROM by sharing one ATA bus. It can fill the host channel by data transfer phase as much as possible. The shared ATA bus can be one or more to reach the bandwidth of host. And a queue and buffer algorithm to improve the performance of response time and synchronize is also introduced.
KEYWORDS: Servomechanisms, Digital video discs, Filtering (signal processing), Device simulation, Control systems, Process modeling, Optical tracking, Optical discs, Signal processing, Mathematical modeling
This paper considers the implementation of compensators for periodic disturbance cancellation, specifically applied to the removal of repeatable runout(RRO) from the position error signal(PES) in the high performance DVD player. The internal model principle is used for rejecting the sinusoidal disturbance caused by eccentric rotation of the disk, and the LQG methodology is used for the servo compensator design to improve the drive performance and meet the stability-robustness specifications in the frequency domain. A mathematical model of radial servo is constructed which forms the basis of a computer simulation. Simulation results are presented to show that LQG design is a viable approach.
KEYWORDS: Servomechanisms, Digital video discs, Digital signal processing, Spindles, Control systems, Manufacturing, Reflection, Virtual colonoscopy, Optics manufacturing, Optical fabrication
This paper principally analyses the influence of the DVD traverse manufacture and assembly error to the servo system, presents a specific servo system applied for DVD traverse tester, which is a digital servo based on general DSP. The repetitive control scheme is adopted to enhance the robustness to the periodic disturbance.
The radial tilt between vertical direction of disc and optical axis of lens in standard DVD traverse, plane vibration and warp of disc are important parameters in production and detection of DVD discs. In this paper, a new dynamic detection method which we call pulse-width method is proposed to detect the radial tilt, plane vibration and warp through analyzing the optical and electrical features of traverse. Based on the method, an apparatus is developed and the experimental results compared with the analysis results verify the validity of the method. The applicability and testing precision are also analyzed.
KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, Control systems, Logic, System on a chip, Interfaces, Process control, Optical storage, Microcontrollers, Optical engineering, Analytical research
After analyzing the system architecture and the routine design method of a SCSI controller, one novel design project for the SCSI controller is proposed on the basis of SOPC and soft processor IP core technology. The NIOS soft processor IP core is chosen as the center controller in the application system. Except for NIOS processor, most of the peripherals around the SCSI module, including DMA data channel and data cache control logic, are integrated into one FPGA chip. Comparing with the routine design method, the new project has better features in the expansibility, scalability, improvability and in-system programmability. As an instance, the SCSI to ATA interface system based on SOPC is introduced and given the satisfying I/O speed test results.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Servomechanisms, Signal detection, Control systems, Device simulation, Electronic filtering, Signal processing, Interfaces, Data storage, Optical storage
The evaluation and adjustment for characteristic parameters of DVD traverses is the key in the batch production. This paper classifies the parameters and proposes a particular method which possesses the special servo combined with the commercial servo, damping detecting and obliquity detecting, and then constructs an evaluation and adjustment system for parameters of DVD traverses and introduces the economy structure of hardware with module functions and difficulties of software design.
KEYWORDS: Digital signal processing, Servomechanisms, Control systems, Signal processing, Digital video discs, Detection and tracking algorithms, Actuators, Optical storage, Lithium, Linear filtering
This paper presents a digital servo system using general digital signal processor (DSP) and gives the constitution of the servo system. The authors principally discuss the design method of digital servo algorithm. The repetitive control scheme is adopted to enhance the system performance to periodic disturbance.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Optical storage, Interfaces, Data storage, Switches, Optical discs, Computer architecture, Data storage servers, Optical engineering, Video
This paper presents a new approach to realize the redundant array of independent DVD libraries (RAID-LoIP) by using the iSCSI technology and traditional RAID algorithms. Our design reaches the high performance of optical storage system with following features: large storage size, highly accessing rate, random access, long distance of DVD libraries, block I/O storage, long storage life. Our RAID-LoIP system can be a good solution for broadcasting media asset storage system.
The dye coating is the most important process in CD-R replication technique, because the coating result has a significant effect on the final disc quality. Optical density (OD) curve represents the result of dye coating. In this paper an optical density curve model for dye coating is discussed. It can be used as an analysis tool of many important parameters in the coating process, thereby control the disc quality. The optical density curve of the disc after coating is measured with the Dr Schenk and then divided into several sections to line-fitting. The new curve has 4 characteristic points and 3 characteristic line sections, which can be used to make process analysis.
KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Head, Servomechanisms, Semiconductor lasers, Hydrogen fluoride lasers, Optical tracking, Optics manufacturing, Modulation, Clocks, Control systems
The characteristic parameters of DVD optical heads have an important influence on the control accuracy, ability and quality of DVD system. Therefore, to test and evaluate such characteristic parameters is the necessary prerequisite for optical head production and application. This paper classifies these characteristic parameters and analyzes the factors affecting on them, discusses some methods to test and evaluate some key parameters according to actual experimental results.
A theoretical model for CD-R dye coating on a substrate with spiral pre-groove is presented. A typical CD-R dye coating process consists of three stages: dispensing stage, spreading stage and vaporizing stage. Some assumptions and simplification for every stage are made and the second stage is mainly analyzed. The motion equation, boundary equations and continuity equation of flow for dye film are derived, taking into account topography on substrate and interface slip between liquid and substrate. Finally the governing equation is given.
KEYWORDS: Servomechanisms, Digital video discs, Control systems, Signal detection, Virtual colonoscopy, Optical tracking, Optics manufacturing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Head, Clocks
The characteristic parameters of focusing and tracking servo systems have an important influence on the control accuracy. Among these parameters, those related to DVD optical pickups should be taken more account before designing servo control algorithm and Jitter is a key parameter to evaluate the comprehensive properties of DVD servo systems. This paper analyzes their influences on DVD servo system, discusses the evaluation and test methods of some key parameters according to actual testing results.
KEYWORDS: Video, Databases, Data storage, Image segmentation, Data acquisition, Optical storage, Distributed computing, Analog electronics, Optical discs, Navigation systems
This paper targets the optimum solution of storage and management of digital media assets. We present a media assets management system with distributed architecture to achieve good performance in an economical way.
Jitter is defined by the variation of each pit length and timing variations between data and clock frequency on discs. As a comprehensive item, it relates with error rate directly. In this paper, the definition, determined and influence factors of jitter n are analyzed. According to the analysis, measurement methods of jitter are provided. The precision of a method. The method's precision and demand are calculated and explained in detail.
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Servomechanisms, Optical tracking, Optical discs, Control systems design, Optical storage, Actuators, Analytical research, Linear filtering, Signal processing
The principle of modified repetitive control is analyzed. According to the model of tracking actuator, a simplified design method of modified repetitive control was introduced. The simulation result shows the modified system has good performance. Compared with classical control system, it increases servo accuracy and steady state robustness, decreasing error signal greatly.
In this paper, the objective of servo system in an optical disc player is discussed. The traditional servo method, zero- order indifferent PID adjustment, is analyzed. Based on the analysis, a new servo system, 1-order indifferent PI&PID adjustment, is provided. In the new adjustment method, the main error of low frequency from ECC and Imbalance will be reduced to minimum in theory. In the end of the paper, the stability of the new servo system is analyzed in detail.
In this paper, a new kind of automatic method to test the Parameters of CD/DVD Optical Discs is introduced and named near-line inspector. Being connected to product lines, sampling and testing the discs automatically in batches, our inspector can provide a brief yet revealing profile of optical disc parameters such as electrical variables (HF, Jitter, etc.), physical variables and digital error variables in an acceptable short time so as to reflect the up-to-date condition of the product lines. As a real-time and relatively high-efficiency measurement method, it will be integrated into a perfect test system together with on-line and off-line inspectors. Such a system would be especially suitable for the replication of high-quality optical discs in large volume. The layout of the whole set of test system is described. The feasibility and reliability of near-line method are analyzed based on study by means of a high-precision DVD off-line test system developed by us.
The software industry loses billions of dollars each year due to software piracy. And CD-ROM technology is one of the most successful and fast growing methods for quickly and economically distributing information. So it is an urgency to find a good method to protect CD-ROM from being pirated. In this chapter, we will discuss some new technologies of anti- piracy. According to these discussions, we will put forward our new anti-piracy method.
How an eight-terabyte CD-ROM storage system could behave as a standard CD-ROM peripheral device without a specifically designed device driver on any operation system is discussed in this paper. Because normal tertiary storage systems can hardly hold a capacity with terabyte magnitudes, so a new file system based on Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is presented, which can address as many as eight-terabyte storage memories. An experimental system called 'Virtual CD-ROM' system of this idea is discussed, and some techniques critical to the fulfillment of such a system are considered.
The process of replication, such as molding, clamping, injection, metalizing, even extrusion and printing, put an important impact on the quality of the finished DVD discs. They are crucial to duplicator, but not so easy to detect by conventional analysis methods provided by current commercial off-line tester. We introduce a data-analysis method to enlarge the effects of replication process on the disc parameters, by means of eliminating the disturbance from pre- replication process. This method is named RES (Remainder Elimination of the effect Stamper) parameters. An example is given to show the status of disc's edges affected by molding, and the selection of different molding patterns is analyzed.
An optical recording static tester with high performance but low cost based on a commercial optical disk drive is introduced. Its schematic diagram and optical system are described. A quasi-linear-region focusing search method is proposed and carried out. It is a simple reliable focusing search method based on the positive and negative feedback characteristics of the focusing error curve.
In this 1D model of Magneto-Optical read channel, the isolated step response is modeled to be a Q function, and an equalizer parameter designing method based on the least square error criterion is given, which is suitable for both linear equalizers and feedback equalizers. The detection method can adopt the threshold detection and Viterbi detection. Although the model is linear, it is easy to simulate the non-linear characteristics like bloom or jitter in Magneto-Optical recording.
A multi-valued photochromic optical disk written by different flux irradiation based on the photon-mode recording property is presented to obtain high density and high speed. A four-valued (2-bit) photochromic storage is carried out by static testing on pyrrl fulgide derivative. A new nondestructive read out method--dual-beam compensation readout--is proposed and discussed.
KEYWORDS: Actuators, Optical discs, Control systems, Switching, Digital signal processing, Signal processing, Optical storage, Computing systems, Lithium, Switches
Slow access speed is still the problem to limit applications of rewritable optical disk drives. Dual stage actuators with a coarse and a fine actuator are used in optical disk drives. In this paper, the two-actuator cooperative seek control method, based on time optimal seek control, is presented, and the average seek time is analyzed theoretically.
KEYWORDS: Optical storage, Data storage, 3D optical data storage, Optical discs, 3D modeling, Computing systems, Head, Compact discs, Luminescence, Absorption
In this paper, a writing and reading method of 3D optical digital storage is presented. The novel method is based on dual photon-absorption effective and multi-layer distribution of data. The potential problems of the method are discussed and analyzed.
KEYWORDS: Molybdenum, Servomechanisms, Head, Spindles, Magnetism, Digital signal processing, Standards development, Optical discs, Signal processing, Control systems
Magneto optical (MO) disks have shown great advantages in performance, reliability, price per bit, portability, rewrite cycles, high-density recording, and achieve life. For a 3.5' ISO standard MO media, the capacity of 1X-density disks is 128 MB, and 5X density disks have 540 MB/640 MB capacity, with track and bit density increased. Media testing is very important in research and manufacture of the disks. A media testing system for the characteristics of the recording layer of the 5X capacity MO disks is introduced in this paper. Many features and techniques are discussed such as to achieve high accuracy testing, flexibility to upgrade the system.
This paper provides a method to test some parameters of CDs. These parameters show the quality of the disks directly. The method is based on a commercial CD-ROM and a common computer. Some necessary circuits and software are added in. The analytic results can be provided.
KEYWORDS: Actuators, Servomechanisms, Control systems, Optical discs, Optical tracking, Systems modeling, Control systems design, Optical storage, Magnetism, Optical engineering
The dual-stage actuators are used in the positioning servo system of optical disk drives. The direct single-variable design (DSD) technique is studied for designing the tracking servo system in which there is a sensor to measure the relative displacement between the two stages. The conclusion clearly given is that a servo system using a dual-stage actuator with multi-variable characteristics can be directly designed as two single-variable systems. The tracking servo system can be designed as two independent servo loops. The multivariable problem can be treated as a single-variable problem. The features and forms of the dual-stage-actuator servo systems are also studied. The control accuracy and robust stability of the system by DSD are investigated. The interaction between the loops is studied by use of an equivalent perturbed model. The simulation of tracking control of the system is presented.
Based on nm fabrication technology, a developed player for dual and multilayer disk is proposed in this paper. A multifocus device with focus 8.5 mm is used. The distance between two neighbor focal plane is 0.45 mm. The numeral aperture of the developed player is 0.59, the focusing spot is 0.93 um. The developed player with the multifocus device is not only simple in structure, light in weight, but also can focus automatically at any layer of multilayer disk eve, no mechanical movement. Compared to the common CD player, the developed player is characteristic of only one multifocus device to focus and split beam, where the prism and the grating in common CD player are displaced, but the focusing and the tracing error signals can be obtained conveniently for servo detection.
A holographic element for the common CD pick-up to play DVD is designed in this paper. The focus of holographic element is the same as that of the objective lens of CD player. The holographic element is fixed before the objective lens. The focus of DVD player with this holographic element is 8.5 mm, the number aperture is 0.75, and the focusing beam spot is 0.5 um. DVD player with the holographic element is characteristic of compensating the main optical error met in the common CD player well.
Optical disk array improves performance of optical drive in many aspects. The mechanism of separate drive and disk reduce the MTTR (mean time to repaired) of single failure. So data security increases much better than other array system. Parallel structure and reasonable redundant data distribution multiply the I/O speed much more by reducing average distance between different data.
The average distance between different data will decrease through reasonable data distribution. Redundant MacroBlock data strategy is such a way to reduce seeking distance, and improve seeking efficiency, which is presented in theory and experiment.
KEYWORDS: Optical arrays, Compact discs, Video, Data centers, Video processing, Data processing, Head, Optical storage, Optical engineering, Analytical research
Optical array and special data arrangement affect data sharing feature of Video-on-Demand system significantly. Some aspects related to maximum user number have been analyzed in theory and verified in experiment.
In this paper, holographic optical elements (HOEs) used in optical disk systems are discussed. HOEs have been used to form several beams for detecting focusing and tracking error, as a beam splitter and a formatter of wavefront. It can also be used as an objective lens in the future.
A fully separated optical head means that the carrier and the actuator are separated completely. It causes the mass of the carrier to be less than 10 grams, or even less. It can increase the access rate greatly and avoid the cross interference between two stage seekings.
A real time non-contact dynamic testing method for an optical disk is proposed in this paper. The axial run-out and the tilt of the optical disk are measured by two quadrant detectors when the disk is turning at high speed in the drive. The analysis of the results is given with a brief discussion on the error in measurement.
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