In this paper, a modal interferometer based on a simplified hollow-core PCF, which diffused with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in the air holes, is proposed and investigated in our experiment. When light travels through the input
single mode fiber and transmits into the simplified hollow-core PCF, there is only fundamental core mode. However, the
high-order core modes will be excited when the molecules of VOCs diffuse into the air holes. After propagation of these
modes in the simplified hollow-core PCF, they will recombine at the exit single mode fiber. The ethanol is chosen as the
VOC sample in our experiments. The interference pattern of the interferometer, based on a 5.1 cm long simplified
hollow-core PCF, exhibited fringe spacing of ~30 nm. The transmission intensity decreases while the fringe visibility
increases as the ethanol concentration becomes larger, and the interference spectrum of the ethanol-diffused simplified
hollow-core PCF modal interferometer has a red-shift, from 1542.96 nm at 250 ppm to 1545.52 nm at 1000 ppm. The
modal interference proposed above has great potential as an optical fiber sensor, measuring physical parameters such as
the concentration of VOCs.
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