KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Denoising, Microscopy, Luminescence, Interference (communication), Image restoration, Image acquisition, Compressed sensing, Molecules, Process control
Noise level and photobleaching are cross-dependent problems in biological fluorescence microscopy. Indeed,
observation of fluorescent molecules is challenged by photobleaching, a phenomenon whereby the fluorophores
are degraded by the excitation light. One way to control this process is by reducing the intensity of the light or the
time exposure, but it comes at the price of decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although a host of denoising
methods have been developed to increase the SNR, most are post-processing techniques and require full data
acquisition. In this paper we propose a novel technique, based on Compressed Sensing (CS) that simultaneously
enables reduction of exposure time or excitation light level and improvement of image SNR. Our CS-based
method can simultaneously acquire and denoise data, based on statistical properties of the CS optimality, noise
reconstruction characteristics and signal modeling applied to microscopy images with low SNR. The proposed
approach is an experimental optimization combining sequential CS reconstructions in a multiscale framework
to perform image denoising. Simulated and practical experiments on fluorescence image data demonstrate that
thanks to CS denoising we obtain images with similar or increased SNR while still being able to reduce exposure
times. Such results open the gate to new mathematical imaging protocols, offering the opportunity to reduce
photobleaching and help biological applications based on fluorescence microscopy.
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