Dr. Maria Smirnova Profile

Dr. Maria Smirnova

at Volga State Univ of Water Transport

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 2019 Paper

On possibility of remote detection of gas leaks from underwater pipelines using specific slick signatures

M. Smirnova, I. Kapustin

Proceedings Volume 11150, 111501U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536901

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Foam, Signal attenuation

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One of the urgent problems of gas pipeline transport today is the detection of gas leaks in underwater sections of gas pipelines and reducing their negative impact on the environment. This paper is devoted to the development of remote detection methods of gas leaks from underwater gas pipelines by images of slicks above them. A series of laboratory experiments was carried out, in which the structure of average flows in the water column created by bubble flows with different gas flow rates was obtained. The simulation of surfactant removal to the water surface by bubbles was performed by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the laboratory cuvette at the concentration of 0.5 mg/l. For the surfactant film on the water surface, experimental dependences of its characteristics on the operation time of the "bubble pump", such as the surface tension coefficient, elasticity and the relative damping coefficient of small- scale waves under the film, were obtained. It was shown that there are flow convergence zones at some distance from the gas outlet area, which vary depending on the intensity of the gas flow. Surfactant film samples taken in these areas confirmed that over time, the accumulation of surfactants occurs on the water surface. Field experiment conducted in one of the backwaters of the Oka river in the city of Nizhny Novgorod allowed to spot and evaluate the size and shape of the film slick formed around the gas outlet area. The conducted experiments confirmed the formation of a surfactant film spot near the removal area, which indicates the possibility of its remote detection in full-scale conditions, provided the wind near water surface is not more than 2-10 m/s. The obtained data made it possible to get a general idea of the morphology and characteristics of the surfactant spot around the gas outlet from the water.

Proceedings Article | 14 October 2019 Paper

Satellite and in-situ observations of a river confluence zone

Stanislav Ermakov, Alexander Molkov, Ivan Kapustin, Tatiana Lazareva, Olga Danilicheva, Olga Shomina, Maria Smirnova, Olga Lavrova

Proceedings Volume 11150, 111501S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2533470

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Earth observing sensors, Radar, Satellite imaging, In situ remote sensing, Natural surfaces, Chemical analysis, Foam, Pollution, Eye

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River confluence is a ubiquitous phenomenon which plays an important role in river dynamics, mixing processes, pollution transport etc. It can be often visually observed that two converging rivers continue to flow as two parallel weakly mixing streams separated by a relatively thin transition region – a mixing zone (MZ), which can reach out for some distance downstream the junction apex. A typical example of a river confluence is the merging of the Volga and Oka rivers (Russia). This paper presents some new results on the Volga/Oka rivers confluence based on both ‘in situ’ measurements of hydrological characteristics in the MZ and on satellite observations. During the ‘in situ’ measurements a large set of data regarding velocity fields, chlorophyll-a concentration, water temperature, turbidity, parameters of organic surface films etc. was obtained. It is found that significant differences between the hydrological characteristics of the Volga and Oka flows are observed at sufficiently large distances downstream the junction apex (about 10 river widths or more); and the mixing zone remains quite narrow. Film sampling and further analysis of the surfactant films in the MZ were carried out. It is shown that the surface tension decreases and the film elasticity grows in the foam/slick bands separating the Volga and Oka flows thus indicating the increased concentration of surfactants in the bands. Satellite images of the Volga-Oka MZ are collected indicating that the confluence area is clearly seen in satellite optical imagery (MSI Sentinel-2 satellite) due to strong difference in color between the flows. The radar imagery shows the mixing zone in the form of a slick/foam band (SAR Sentinel-1) which manifests on the water surface due to enhanced damping of short wind waves.

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