KEYWORDS: Environmental monitoring, Clouds, Data transmission, Sensors, Internet of things, Air quality, Air contamination, Transportation, Data communications, Computer simulations
The air pollution, with its impacts on human health and the environment, is a growing global issue. In this article, we propose the implementation of a Multi-Interface Mobile Gateway (MIMG) with LPWAN technology in public transportation vehicles for monitoring air quality. The idea is to use a mobile monitoring system that can reduce the cost of the classical fixed air pollution and environmental monitoring stations. This approach addresses challenges such as data transfer, interference, and data pre-processing to reduce the amount of data sent over the remote data management center. We conducted a system emulation to evaluate some data forwarding strategies and to evaluate the overall traffic load generated by the mobile station over the overall network. Furthermore, the MIMG manages the use of the communication interface, uses data aggregation techniques to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted, and utilizes machine learning to enhance the accuracy of the low-cost sensor readings. Our approach has significant applications in urban air quality management.
KEYWORDS: Network architectures, Web services, Simulations, Control systems, Telecommunication networks, Data communications, Switches, Computer architecture
In recent years, the interest in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been very high. Many applications of traditional networking have been implemented in SDN environments in order to test the performance of the different network devices. In this paper, server Load-Balancing (LB) based on SDN has been developed and tested in order to verify the effectiveness of this approach inside the new networking approach. In our implementation, we have used a Ruy controller for controlling and managing network devices and two different LB algorithms have been implemented. We have performed an analysis of these two algorithms with a system without load balancing in a server-client system changing the number of servers and clients in order to show the performance of the SDN network.
Software-Defined Networking paradigm has becoming one of the most studied network concept thanks to its main characteristics: open and programmable. SDN suggests a centralized approach of the network intelligence decoupling the packet forwarding process (Data Plane) from the routing process (Control Plane) in the network devices. Hence the switches only have packet forwarding capability and cannot make any routing decisions, while decision making is done by the controller. OpenFlow is the most popular protocol used to help the switches and the controller to communicate. So, the controller can instruct the forwarding devices through a flow table logic that differs from the traditional destination-based forwarding to a more efficient generalized-based forwarding. This paper want to present an example of software application that runs on the controller and instructs the network to find the shortest path between each node. An implementation of Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford algorithms on a Ryu SDN controller is presented and a comparison between these two approaches is provided.
KEYWORDS: Sensor networks, Sensors, Internet of things, Data communications, Social networks, Environmental sensing, Data acquisition, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Network architectures, Head
Drones can be a candidate technology to support on-demand connectivity in scenarios where networking infrastructure can be difficult to deploy or can be expensive. In a context where many terrestrial nodes such as IoT devices need to send data about environment, drones can move in the considered area to collect data sensed by IoT devices. In this case, Delay Tolerant Network is an architecture that can support the intermittent communication between drones and IoT devices and huge amount of data can be collected and forwarded to remote servers to be analyzed. At this purpose, social paradigm and opportunistic communication between IoT devices and Drones can improve the data collection process. Social rank in the IoT networks is considered as a metric to drive the Drone path planning for providing an efficient connectivity and coverage.
Nowadays, new services and current IT applications require an increasingly dynamic telecommunication network capable of adapting to the changing needs of users and network managers in a short time. So, in the recent years a new technological paradigm is born called Software Defined Networking (SDN) able to change strongly the way to interact with the network devices. These changes have been possible also thanks to the rapid development of a new technological concept: the Virtualization. With the introduction of the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and the SDN architectures the software component is playing a key role in a lot of applications of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Now, thanks to these new paradigms, the networks are became ”smart” and ”programmable”. Then, the possibility of using adequate tools for performing test on networks and devices represents an important way to operate without the need of buying expensive hardware. Mininet is a software emulator able to manage a set of network terminals (hosts), switches, routers and also the various connections on a single Linux environment and it is able to simulate an entire network. In this paper, an overview on Mininet network emulator is provided showing its potential and scalability with different network topologies
The Ocean plays a critical role in our everyday life and in the future of our planet. Recently, there has been a growing interest in Underwater Acoustic (UWA) sensor networks for a wide range of collaborative applications.In order to allow these applications, the aspects of physical phenomena affecting acoustic channel and restricting the range and bandwidth for the reliable communications cannot be neglected. Our paper discusses about a high level channel model based on Markov Chain approach for the underwater environment. Finite State Markov Model is developed for Packet Error Rate (PER) evaluation in an underwater channel, using the concept of error trace analysis.
In the last years the physical security in transportation systems is becoming a critical issue due to the high number of accidents and emergency situations. With the increasing availability of technological applications in vehicular environments researchers aimed at minimizing the probability of road accidents. In this paper, we propose a new platform able to discover dangerous driving behaviors. We based our application on the on-board diagnosis standard, able to provide all the needed information directly from the electronic vehicle control unit . We integrated the received data with a fuzzy logic approach, obtaining a description of the driver behavior. The overall system can take several initiatives (alarms, rpm corrections, etc.), in order to notify the driver bad behavior. The performance of the proposed scheme has been validated through a deep campaign of driving simulations.
In the modern Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) based systems even more applications require lot of data to be exchanged among vehicles and infrastructure entities. Due to mobility issues and unplanned events that may occurs it is important that contents should be transferred as fast as possible by taking into account consistence of the exchanged data and reliability of the connections. In order to face with these issues, in this work we propose a new transfer data protocol called Fast and Scalable Content Transfer Protocol (FSCTP). This protocol allows a data transfer by using a bidirectional channel among content suppliers and receivers exploiting several cooperative sessions. Each session will be based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to start and manage data transfer. Often in urban area the VANET scenario is composed of several vehicle and infrastructures points. The main idea is to exploit ad-hoc connections between vehicles to reach content suppliers. Moreover, in order to obtain a faster data transfer, more than one session is exploited to achieve a higher transfer rate. Of course it is important to manage data transfer between suppliers to avoid redundancy and resource wastages. The main goal is to instantiate a cooperative multi-session layer efficiently managed in a VANET environment exploiting the wide coverage area and avoiding common issues known in this kind of scenario. High mobility and unstable connections between nodes are some of the most common issues to address, thus a cooperative work between network, transport and application layers needs to be designed.
KEYWORDS: Global system for mobile communications, Telecommunications, Signal attenuation, Electromagnetism, Avionic systems, Antennas, Electromagnetic coupling, Receivers, Safety, Navigation systems
Recent years have been characterized by an increase in the air traffic. More attention over micro-economic and macroeconomic indexes would be strategic to gather and enhance the safety of a flight and customer needing, for communicating by wireless handhelds on-board aircrafts. Thus, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) proposed a GSM On Board (GSMOBA) system as a possible solution, allowing mobile terminals to communicate through GSM system on aircraft, avoiding electromagnetic interferences with radio components aboard. The main issues are directly related with interferences that could spring-out when mobile terminals attempt to connect to ground BTS, from the airplane. This kind of system is able to resolve the problem in terms of conformance of Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits, defined outside the aircraft, by using an On board BTS (OBTS) and modeling the relevant key RF parameters on the air. The main purpose of this work is to illustrate the state-of-the-art of literature and previous studies about the problem, giving also a good detail of technical and normative references.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.