We present the hydrothermal synthesis of highly porous α-NaYF nanocubes with edge lengths on the order of 150 nm using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a ligand. The surface area is increased by a factor of four compared to hypothetical ideal cubes of the same size. Furthermore, the surface-to-volume ratio of these particles is higher than that of 50 nm spherical α-NaYF particles commonly obtained with EDTA under similar conditions, resulting in the highest surface-to-volume particles obtained with hydrothermal synthesis. Laser cooling at ambient pressure and laser heating of the same particles in vacuum is demonstrated. The implications of our results for payload cooling of optically levitated nanoscale sensors are discussed.
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