Raytheon's Santa Barbara Remote Sensing facility in Goleta, California designed and built an advanced meteorological imager for the Japanese Ministry of Transport between March, 2000 and July, 2002 for MTSAT-1R. One of the most stressing requirements is visible band image quality near local midnight. The 30 month program schedule forced the design team to make key decisions about the telescope design based on very preliminary analyses. Subsequent detailed analyses revealed that thermal distortions in the beryllium three-mirror anastigmat telescope would cause unacceptable performance degradation during much of the orbit. Through careful thermal, structural, and optical (STOP) analysis, the design team was able to optimize the designs of the telescope and thermal control system while meeting the challenging procurement schedule for the telescope.
Raytheon's Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS) division designed and built the MTSAT-1R Japanese Advanced Meteorological Imager for the Japanese Ministry of Transport between March, 1999 and July, 2002. In order to meet the stressing requirements of a geosynchronous orbit, a combination of structural, thermal, and optical (STOP) analyses were used to design and optimize the beryllium three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) telescope. This modeling approach was used to characterize and minimize the thermal distortion around local midnight. On-orbit temperatures and structural deformations were predicted using thermal Desktop/SINDA and PATRAN/NASTRAN software, respectively. The resulting optical performance was evaluated using Raytheon developed HEXAGON software. The telescope design was successfully optimized to attain specified visible channel performance for most of the 24 hour orbit.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will employ a solar illuminated diffuser as an on-board calibration device. The solar diffuser is Labsphere SpectralonTM. The bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) of the solar diffuser panel is needed for the on-orbit reflectance calibrations. The BRF of the solar diffuser panel was measured using the Santa Barbara Remote Sensing scattering goniopolarimeter, which is a relative device, so a known BRF standard was required. The standard was a Spectralon sample that was calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Its BRF was calibrated in the 400 to 1800 nm region. Total uncertainty estimates for the MODIS solar diffuser BRF were less than 1.0% for all wavebands other than the longest one, which was centered at 2100 nm. The estimated uncertainty for the 2100-nm waveband was 1.5%. Hapke scattering theory was used to generate models for the BRF. For the MODIS solar diffuser models, the root-mean-square of the fit values were less than 0.3%, for wavebands other than 2100 nm. They were less than 1.1% for the 2100-nm waveband.
A comparison of spectral diffuse reflectance between different national standards laboratories is being planned under the direction of the Comite Consultatif de Photometrie et Radiometrie (CCPR). A similar comparison of bidirectional reflectance distribution factor among laboratories in the United States in support of optical remote sensing measurements is nearing completion. Since this comparison provides valuable lessons for the one organized by the CCPR, pertinent results and their implications are presented.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be one of the primary instruments observing the earth on the Earth Observing System (EOS) scheduled for launch in late 1999. The solar diffuser BRF characterization is required for MODIS on-orbit reflectance calibration. The system reflectance calibration accuracy requirement is 2 percent covering a spectral region of 400 to 2300 nm. An internal flow down specification of 1 percent was allotted to characterization of the BRF. The SBRS scattering goniometer will be described. The source is a quartz-halogen lamp. Multiple field stops, aperture stops, and baffle masks were experimentally optimized to reduce scattered light to acceptable levels. In addition the room was made 'light tight'. Glan Thompson and Wollaston polarizers were used in the illuminating and viewing arms, respectively. Three sets of detectors were used to cover the 400 to 2300 nm range: PMT, Ge, and PbS. The rotary and translation stages used to move the solar diffuser, polarizers, optical filters, and detectors being computer controlled, which permitted measurements to be made remotely. This scattering goniometer is a relative device, so the flight solar diffuser is characterized by measuring it relative to a diffuser which was characterized by NIST. The transfer to the NIST standard was done before and after solar diffuser characterization. BRF measurements were made at five wavelengths and nine illumination angles with one out-of-plane observation angle. Multiple BRF measurements were made to determine repeatability and spatial uniformity. Measured BRF data will be presented.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.