In the 0.9 μm & 1.0μm structure pumped in cavity, the resonator contains two thermal lenses in addition to two end mirrors. Based on the propagation circle theory, the focal length of the thermal lens of the quasi-three-level laser in the cavity is obtained. The temperature simulation results of two gain mediums are carried out by COMSOL, there is a serious thermal effect in the gain medium of Nd:GdVO4 quasi-three-level laser, which limits the improvement of laser performance. Trying to reduce the thermal lens effectthe is first considered. It lays a good foundation for further analysis of the thermal stability cavity (double thermal lens) with double thermal disturbance and its dynamic characteristics.
In order to more conveniently and clearly analyze the optical model property of the resonator, the logic relationship between the propagation circle and transformation circle of the dual-wavelength laser resonator and the focal length and dynamic stability of the thermal lens of the gain medium is established with propagation circle analysis method. A quasi-three-level thermal stable cavity containing a single thermal disturbance center is established. According σ circle and π circle tangent requirements, the relationship between the fundamental mode spot size and the curvature radius of M1 mirror in the gain medium of quasi-three-level laser is analyzed. By analyzing the thermal stability cavity of the quasi-three-level laser cavity with single thermal disturbance center, the position and ft2 value of the plane mirror M2 (the focal length value of the Ft2 lens) are determined.
In order to explore the law and mechanism of the action of near-infrared pulsed laser on silicon materials, 1064nm nanosecond pulsed laser and millisecond pulsed laser were used to act on silicon materials, and the damage effects of single nanosecond laser and millisecond-nanosecond combined laser were studied. Analyze the real-time evolution of plasma in laser irradiation process, reveal the mechanism of damage morphology, and discuss the influence and law of laser energy density and other parameters on the damage effect. Studies have shown that the plasma generated by a single nanosecond laser acting on silicon instantly forms a shock wave surface, which expands against the laser transmission direction. As the laser energy density increases, the plasma generation speed increases, and denser plasma clusters are formed. The ablation of the morphology is aggravated. When the millisecond-nanosecond combined pulse laser is applied, the delay time between two pulses is an important parameter that affects the effect. During the millisecond pulse time, as the delay time increases, the peak temperature rises. The same energy density combined laser acts on silicon under different delay time conditions, the damage morphology is quite different. The material properties of the silicon target change under the action of the millisecond pulse laser. The delay time determines the nanosecond injection in the shape of the specific silicon target. The nanosecond laser will give impact to the damaged silicon target. The cleavage damage morphology was observed under the action of the combined pulsed laser. This article can provide a reference for the research of laser processing and anti-laser damage silicon materials.
The multi-spectral 3D display technology applies left and right lenses coated with multi-layer dielectric film to separate light waves with different wavelengths and then realize three-dimensional watching effect for audience. This paper has developed two spectral division films of 3D glasses, which are coated on left and right lenses of 3D glasses to reach “T≥85%” under waveband range of 421~438nm, 486~521nm and 575~619nm for left lens and under waveband range of 455~463nm, 540~550nm and 640~700nm for right lens and “T<1%” under waveband range of 400~415nm, 450~475nm, 535~560nm and 655~700nm for left lens and under waveband range of 405~450nm, 480~529nm and 570~617nm for right lens. The substrate cleaning technology before coating is applied to improve fastness of the film. The electron beam evaporation and ion assisted deposition system are applied to prepare films. According to test results, the filter complies with application requirements and passes through environmental test. Therefore, this 3D glasses are applicable to watch 3D movies, 3D TV, 3D games and 3D images, etc.
In order to study the evolution state of silicon combustion wave induced by millisecond pulse laser in monocrystalline silicon, Using optical shadow imaging to measure the distance and time of combustion wave, analyze the plasma state at different times, Study the influence from different laser energy density and the number of pluses to expansion rate and expansion distance. The results of research show that the direction of combustion wave expand is mainly the reverse of the incident laser. The pulse train of millisecond laser act on monocrystalline silicon produce a temperature accumulation effect, and the threshold value declines obviously. the peak expansion rate increases rapidly as the energy density increases.
To meet the requirements of 45nm node ultraviolet lithography exposure optical system with 193nm wavelength and 1.35 NA for high resolution in extremely large scale integrated circuit. A depolarizer is designed to implement high quality polarization mode lighting on mask surface. In this paper, the depolarizer in the polarization transformation module is designed and the AR film in the depolarizer is developed, combination of two wedge shaped quartz crystals with a diameter of 50±0.2mm is used to realize beam depolarization, with optical axes of two crystals are at an angle of 45 degrees in space. The front one achieves depolarization and the back one compensates optical path. The reflectivity of the prepared AR film is less than 99.5% at 193nm, this depolarizer solved a series of problems caused by the sharp reduction of focal depth due to the increase of NA and the shortening of exposure wavelength, therefore, the development of this depolarizer has certain application value.
In this paper, we have calculated the entanglement degrees of a two-level atom in the one-dimensional photonic crystals heat reservoir, researched the effect of parameter q on the quantum entanglement degrees, and given the quantum entanglement degrees curves with time evolution. We have taken the parameter q=1, 2, 3.5 and 8.5. Our results show when the parameter q=2, keep the time of entanglement degrees near E=1 longest, it is helpful to quantum communication. Furthermore, we have designed the one-dimensional photonic crystals heat reservoir, which meet the parameter q=1, 2, 3.5 and 8.5. These can guide the fabrication of quantum devices based on photonic crystals.
Spot size is an important factor affecting the interaction between laser and single crystal silicon. Different radius millisecond pulsed laser is used to irradiate single crystal silicon. The effects of laser irradiation on large and small spot size, including temperature rise, damage area and damage morphology, are compared and analyzed. The influence rule of spot size on laser-induced single crystal silicon is determined and its mechanism is analyzed. The results show that the peak temperature of the laser irradiation center point is higher when the spot radius is 0.2 cm than when the spot radius is 0.1 cm; the damage area of single crystal silicon increases with the increase of laser energy density; the damage threshold decreases with the increase of laser spot size, and increases with the increase of pulse width.
In the air, Mach-zehnder interference system was set up to study the plasma expansion process of single crystal silicon induced by millisecond pulsed laser. Electron density is the main parameter of laser plasma characteristics. Calculation electron density of silicon plasma based on the relationship between the FWHM of Stark broadening of spectral line and the electron density. Experimental results show that: The existence material splash phenomenon is existence in silicon plasma generated by millisecond laser, the long pulse laser interaction with material has the thermal effect. Silicon plasma emission spectrum is strong in the distribution of the continuous spectrum, the discrete series of atoms and ions are superimposed on it. With the increase of the laser energy density, the electron density of the plasma increases.
In order to improve the capacity of beam collimation for laser beam expander, it is necessary to design a more reasonable
and feasible structure of beam expander system. Laser beam expander is used to compress the laser divergence angle, in
order to reduce the energy losing in long distance scanning acquisition system. This paper introduces the working
principle and design idea of the laser beam expander, the collimating multiplying power focal length and the collimated
magnification formula of expander main, secondary mirror. According to the third-order aberration theory, Considering
the spherical aberration, sine difference and divergence angle, the reasonable analysis of optical path, ZEMAX optical
design software was used to design large-diameter laser beam expander and analysis and optimize, And given the actual
design data and results. Display the maximum optical path difference is ±0.01λ of the main light ray and each light ray.
To combination the rear- group objective lens of Galileo and Kepler beam expander, a large-diameter(1.475m) laser
beam expander was designed with 0.2m in the diameter, 1/2m in the relative caliber. In the objective lens System, a
high-order aspherical was used to the aberration of extra-axial point. we can see that the image quality is close to the
diffraction limit from the curves of wavefront. In addition to improve image quality effectively, the system has the
characteristics of simple structure, less costly and less design difficulty to compare with the other beam expanding
system. And make the output beam's divergence angle smaller, energy density higher, and the beam quality has been
greatly improved. The results show that the beam expander is fully meet the design requirements, the use effect is good.
Design and research of laser beam expanding system not only improves the quality of the laser beam in the laser system,
but also enlarge the application field of laser technology in photoelectric system.
According to the heat conduction equation, thermoelastic equation and boundary conditions of finite, using the finite
element method(FEM), established the three-dimensional finite element calculation model of thermal elastic ,numerical
simulation the transient temperature field and stress field distribution of the single crystal silicon materials by the
pulsing laser irradiation, and analytic solution the temperature distribution and stress distribution of laser irradiation on
the silicon material , and analyzes the different parameters such as laser energy, pulse width, pulse number influence on
temperature and stress, and the intrinsic damage mechanism of pulsed laser irradiation on silicon were studied. The
results show that the silicon material is mainly in hot melt under the action of ablation damage.According to the
irradiation of different energy and different pulse laser ,we can obtain the center temperature distribution, then get the
law of the change of temperature with the variation of laser energy and pulse width in silicon material; according to the
principal stress and shear stress distribution in 110 direction with different energy and different pulse, we can get the
law of the change of stress distribution with the variation of laser energy and pulse width ;according to the principal
stress distribution of single pulse and pulse train in 110 direction, we can get the law of the change of stress with pulse
numbers in silicon.When power density of laser on optical material surface (or energy density) is the damage threshold,
the optical material surface will form a spontaneous, periodic, and permanent surface ripple, it is called periodic surface
structure laser induced (LIPSS).It is the condensed optical field of work to generate low dimensional quantum
structures by laser irradiation on Si samples. The pioneering work of research and development and application of low
dimensional quantum system has important academic value.The result of this paper provides theoretical foundation not
only for research of theories of Si and substrate thermal stress damage and its numerical simulation under laser
radiation but also for pulse laser technology and widening its application scope.
In this paper, we establish a physical model to simulate the melt ejection induced by millisecond pulsed laser on
aluminum alloy and use the finite element method to simulate the melting and vaporization process of aluminum alloy.
Compared with the conventional model, this model explicitly adds the source terms of gas dynamics in the
thermal-hydrodynamic equations, completes the trace of the gas-liquid interface and improves the traditional level-set
method. All possible effects which can impact the dynamic behavior of the keyhole are taken into account in this
two-dimensional model, containing gravity, recoil pressure of the metallic vapor, surface tension and Marangoni effect.
This simulation is based on the same experiment condition where single pulsed laser with 3ms pulse width, 57J energy
and 1mm spot radius is used. By comparing the theoretical simulation data and the actual test data, we discover that: the
relative error between the theoretical values and the actual values is about 9.8%, the melt ejection model is well
consistent with the actual experiment; from the theoretical model we can see the surrounding air of the aluminum alloy
surface exist the metallic vapor; an increment of the interaction time between millisecond pulsed laser and aluminum
alloy material, the temperature at the center of aluminum alloy surface increases and evaporation happens after the
surface temperature reaches boiling point and later the aluminum alloy material sustains in the status of equilibrium
vaporization; the keyhole depth is linearly increased with the increase of laser energy, respectively; the growth of the
keyhole radius is in the trend to be gentle. This research may provide the theoretical references to the understanding of
the interaction between millisecond pulsed laser and many kinds of materials, as well as be beneficial to the application
of the laser materials processing and military field.
In this article ,we use finite element method to simulate the process of multi-pulse laser irradiate on fused silica.
Simulation results show that:during laser pulse radiation, the temperature rise of the laser-radiating fused silica surface
center point is nearly linear. During the pulse interval without pulse acting, due to none of thermal source or energy
concentration and the fused silica being at cooling phase, the temperature of the laser-radiating fused silica surface center
point declines sharply. At the fused silica surface where r=0.6mm, hoop stress turns to be tensile stress. When the next
pulse starts to act, the stress increases rapidly once again the maximum value of it is higher than the former one. Thus,
we can judge that the laser accumulation acts a major role in increasing tensile stress effect.
Meanwhile, we can figure out that the stress increase rate generated by the pulse laser of duty ratio 1:10 is higher than
the one of duty ratio 1:20 during the whole procedure. Along with shorter intervals of every two neighbor laser pulses of
duty ratio 1:10, the regression time of the tensile stress is comparably shorter. Thus, during the whole laser radiation
procedure, the initial tensile stress of every pulse of duty ratio 1:10 is greater than the one of duty ratio 1:20. Hence we
obtain the conclusion that, it’s much easier to generate damage when the pulse numbers in unit time increase with other
parameters of the laser do not change.
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