Since a wide variety of microscopic living forms in contact with medical implant in human body are known to be sensitive and reactive to the surface topography, it is of active interest to optimize the implant surface of for desired integration. Ultrafast laser is a powerful tool for modifying the surface of medical implants, at the micro- /nano-scale, for either improving or limiting living tissues adhesion ability. Laser processing and living microorganisms’ response to laser texturing are discussed. Bacteria reduction and human cells adhesion at implant surfaces are reviewed in connection with ultrafast laser induced surface micro- / nanostructures.
In dentistry, implantation failures of dental implants are primarily due to a poor osteointegration, and complications induced by peri-implantitis. For that reason, a strong bacteria resistance, a fast osseointegration, and a good adhesion of the gingival tissues to the implant surface are essential for a successful implantation, comfort and safety of the patient in question. We showcase that a fine-tuning of ultrafast laser-induced surface structures would improve the implantation successful rate by rendering dental implant surfaces with triple-functionality: repellent for saliva bacteria for the upper part of the dental implant (which is exposed to mouth water, attractive to gingival fibroblasts for the middle part of the dental implant (which interfaces with gum tissue) to prevent bacteria penetration, and fast osseointegration for the lower part of the dental implant which is located in the jaw bone environment.
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