Differences and similarities of the chemical composition (ions, trace elements, PAHs) of the driven atmospheric aerosol collected in the autumn period of 2022 along the routes 89th and 90th cruises of the R/V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" in the Kara Sea area were revealed. (RSF) № 21-77-20025.
This study presents the research results of chemical composition of the snow cover in the Baikal region exposed to aerotechnogenic emissions from pollution sources located in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. The samples of snow cover taken along the Irkutsk–Listvyanka route, in the Selenga River delta and in the territory of the Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve were analyzed. The features of the spatial distribution of tracers from large industrial centers in the southern Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia along the prevailing air mass transfers were studied. The percentage of unfavorable meteorological situations in which emissions from regional anthropogenic pollution sources could reach the coast of Lake Baikal was determined based on the calculations of spatial distribution of anthropogenic impurities from large cities being sources of pollution (HYSPLIT). The model of spatial distribution of anthropogenic substances from the large industrial centers of the Baikal region along the prevailing air mass transfers was shown.
The elemental composition of aerosol in the atmosphere of the research station Ice Base “Baranov Cape” based on 2017- 2020 measurements was studied. The elements, most prevalent in the earth’s crust, dominate in the composition of aerosol. The seasonal and annual variability of the concentrations of elements in the composition of aerosol is shown. During the summer and spring periods, the concentrations of Li, Cd, As, V, Cj, Sb, Sn, Se, Pb, B, Tl, U, Be, Th, Ag, and W increase multiple times.
Being a natural sink, snow cover accumulates pollutants during the entire winter period, and, thus, it is a cumulative indicator of atmospheric pollution. The study of the snow cover shows that the cities of Irkutsk, Shelekhov, and Angarsk are polluted significantly. To evaluate the level of atmospheric pollution in the industrial centers of Southern Pribaikalye (Irkutsk, Angarsk, and Shelekhov), the elemental composition of the snow cover of 2020 was analyzed. According to the data obtained from the research, the total index of snow cover pollution, which characterizes the effect made by the group of elements, was calculated. The spatial distribution of the index for every single city is shown. The comparative characteristic of the level of atmospheric pollution in these cities is given.
Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol, atmospheric precipitation, and dry deposition in the industrial center of the Eastern Siberia, town of Irkutsk, in 2019-2020 was analyzed. 2019 is characterized by the record-breaking forest fires in the Siberian Region for the last 10 years. Sulfur and nitrogen streams flowing with atmospheric depositions to the underlying surface in Irkutsk were calculated. Sulfur and nitrogen inputs with atmospheric precipitation were higher than with dry depositions. It is noted that the flows of these substances were more intensive in 2019, especially during the warm season of the year. This study was supported by the State Project 0279-2021-0014.
This article investigates the relationship between the level of environmental pollution and morbidity of the population in the industrial centres of the Southern Baikal region. To determine the level of environmental pollution, a chemical analysis of snow sampled in three large industrial centres of the Irkutsk Region was carried out. The methods of statistical data processing (RStudio programme) revealed the groups of anthropogenic sources that had the maximum impact on the ecosystem of the cities in the Irkutsk agglomeration. We studied the relationships between the main pollutants and diseases associated with them. The variability in the morbidity of the population and the chemical composition of the snow was compared for 2013 and 2020.
The results of the study of the chemical composition of snow cover in the Baikal Region are presented. The data on the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve are compared with the data obtained on the cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Shelekhov, and the areas indirectly affected by big industrial enterprises. It can be seen that, according to the concentration values of a greater part of components, the chemical composition of snow cover in the reserve can serve as a background characteristic for the Baikal region as a whole.
The chemical composition of aerosol and precipitations on the southwest coast of Baikal during intensive forest fires in Krasnoyarsky Kray and Yakutia in July 2018 was analyzed. An increase in the concentrations of ions and PAHs in the fine fractions of aerosol particles (<1.3μm) sampled in Listvyanka was observed. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, SO4 2- and PAHs in the composition of the aerosol in Bolshie Koty within the period were increased. According to the analysis of the synoptic situations and chemical composition of atmospheric depositions, the aerosol sampled in 15-18 June 2018 was a product of forest fires.
This paper examines the relationship between the environmental pollution level and morbidity in the population of industrial centers of the Southern Baikal. The relationship between the averaged observation data on the chemical composition of snow cover and morbidity in urban population is analyzed. The analysis shows that the largest number of cases of a disease in the population of studied cities is connected with the high concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants in snow cover. It was discovered that the high concentrations of aluminum and fluoride in the atmospheric air increase the number of cases of skeletal system disorders and subcutaneous tissue diseases. High concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, and copper, determined in snow cover, are connected with high cancer rates in the population. The relationship between pollutant emission to the atmosphere from stationary sources and respiratory system diseases is studied.
This paper provides the study of snow cover in Irkutsk Oblast industrial centers (Eastern Siberia), such as Angarsk, Irkutsk, and Shelekhov. Elemental composition is represented as an environment pollution indicator. A group of elements was determined for each city characterizing main anthropogenic emission sources. High level of snow cover pollution was found in Angarsk. Chemical composition of snow cover in Shelekhov is indicative of high aluminum concentrations. Metal accumulations were calculated in snow cover in these industrial cities and compared with the data on the background area (Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve). Ratio of soluble and insoluble forms of elements in snow cover was studied.
The results of the observation of the chemical composition of precipitation at two air monitoring sites, Irkutsk and Listvyanka (Baikal Region, Russia), are presented in this article. The seasonal dynamics of the concentrations of heavy metals in precipitation was traced. The comparative analysis of the chemical composition of precipitation was carried out at monitoring sites, which are influenced by anthropogenic pressures of various degrees of severity. Fluxes of heavy metals on the underlying terrain were calculated.
Since 2011, the Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO SB RAS, Tomsk) and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (AARI, St. Petersburg) conduct field studies of near-ground aerosol characteristics at the Spitsbergen archipelago (Barentsburg) in the spring and summer seasons. The following parameters are measured in the atmospheric surface layer: aerosol particle number density and volume particle size distribution; mass concentrations of aerosol and absorbing matter (black carbon); coefficients of total aerosol scattering and aerosol backscattering in the visible spectral region. The experimental findings obtained in 2011– 2015 are reported. Peculiarities of the seasonal and year-to-year variability of the aerosol characteristics are revealed. The results of investigation of the chemical composition of the near-ground aerosol in Barentsburg are discussed.
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