Dr. Nitin M. Vaidya Profile

Dr. Nitin M. Vaidya

at Millivision Technologies Inc

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2008 Paper

A novel approach to automatic threat detection in MMW imagery of people scanned in portals

Nitin Vaidya, Thomas Williams

Proceedings Volume 6948, 69480F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776943

KEYWORDS: Extremely high frequency, Cameras, Imaging systems, Image processing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Feature extraction, Algorithm development, Optical filters, Scanners, Parallel processing

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We have developed a novel approach to performing automatic detection of concealed threat objects in passive MMW imagery of people scanned in a portal setting. It is applicable to the significant class of imaging scanners that use the protocol of having the subject rotate in front of the camera in order to image them from several closely spaced directions. Customary methods of dealing with MMW sequences rely on the analysis of the spatial images in a frame-by-frame manner, with information extracted from separate frames combined by some subsequent technique of data association and tracking over time. We contend that the pooling of information over time in traditional methods is not as direct as can be and potentially less efficient in distinguishing threats from clutter. We have formulated a more direct approach to extracting information about the scene as it evolves over time. We propose an atypical spatio-temporal arrangement of the MMW image data - to which we give the descriptive name Row Evolution Image (REI) sequence. This representation exploits the singular aspect of having the subject rotate in front of the camera. We point out which features in REIs are most relevant to detecting threats, and describe the algorithms we have developed to extract them. We demonstrate results of successful automatic detection of threats, including ones whose faint image contrast renders their disambiguation from clutter very challenging. We highlight the ease afforded by the REI approach in permitting specialization of the detection algorithms to different parts of the subject body. Finally, we describe the execution efficiency advantages of our approach, given its natural fit to parallel processing. mage

Proceedings Article | 19 May 2005 Paper

A compact, low-cost, passive MMW security scanner

Thomas Williams, Nitin Vaidya

Proceedings Volume 5789, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603662

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Extremely high frequency, Staring arrays, Control systems, Radio optics, Electronics, Scanners, Software development, Imaging systems, Video

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We describe a low-cost passive millimeter wave (MMW) scanning camera for detecting concealed weapons and contraband. It is based on a focal plane array of 64 radiometric channels that employ MMICs operating at 94 GHz. Equipped with a 125 mm primary optic, the camera achieves a 26 26 degrees field of view by means of a rotating optic that performs 10 conical scans of the scene per second. The resulting 10 Hz rate images are of size 28 by 28, yielding a spatial resolution of 5 cm at a range of 1.6 meters from the camera. The radiometric sensitivity, at the maximum frame rate, is given by a median of under 3 Kelvin. With a size of 8 in. 8 in. 22 in. and a weight of 26 lbs., the camera is very compact and portable. This development may constitute the first affordable, commercially available passive MMW scanning camera. When operated at the slower frame rate of 1 Hz, the resulting time integration improves the image to less than 1 Kelvin, making the camera well suited for the detection of a wide variety of threats at security checkpoints. At finer camera sensitivity levels, the possibility arises of the exposure of anatomic details of the scanned subjects. In view of this, we have developed specialized display software that allows the presentation of the MMW scanning results in a manner that overcomes privacy concerns.

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