KEYWORDS: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Signal to noise ratio, Modulation, Data modeling, Antennas, Systems modeling, Telecommunications, Multiplexing, Error analysis, Computer simulations
In this paper is investigated the performance of an uplink MIMO system when the multi-user shared access (MUSA) technique is applied. The complex spreading codes used in MUSA are created starting from the traditional PN codes that are used in the code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. We choose this approach to be sure that the obtained complex spreading codes have low correlation. The numerical results will help us conclude if our proposed method, to create complex spreading codes, is achieving the best performance when the modulated information is transmitted over a channel affected by Rayleigh fading, in an overloaded system. The results obtained by our method will be compared with the ones obtained when the complex spreading codes are created arbitrarily.
This paper analyzes the possibility of an attack on an ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) access system and presents some practical results for the systems that are in the ISO 18000-6 standard: we analyze the security breach of an RFID based system, namely the attacks concentrated on the access barriers that have already been installed within an institution. The testing was conducted in normal conditions where no interference was present, then a jammer was introduced transmitting with different transmission power values. It will be identified the situation where the system becomes completely unfunctional, the communication between the RFID reader and the tag is interrupted, the reading of the access code being impossible to perform. This underscores once again the physical radio frequency vulnerability of RFID communication systems, in this case UHF RFID systems.
KEYWORDS: Global system for mobile communications, Standards development, Receivers, Environmental sensing, Antennas, Networks, Received signal strength, Telecommunications, RF communications, Data communications
Network environment challenges on identifying and direction finder of the emission sources can be performed in several different ways, depending on the spectral inter-frequency and of the equipment used. The tests performed that are still under development will show that there are many different scenarios that may lead to large difficulties in indoor locating of the radio equipment that are registered in standard mobile networks. Therefore, in this paper, we intend to test different receivers from different mobile communication standards with respect to the possibility of identifying and localization and to see the advantages and disadvantages of each generation of standards with respect to this issue.
KEYWORDS: Signal processing, Computer security, Signal to noise ratio, Computing systems, Signal attenuation, Raster graphics, Telecommunications, Digital filtering, Interference (communication)
The purpose of this paper is to improve the security level of commercial computer systems by analyzing security risks related to compromising emissions and finding the optimal measures of protection. The security threat related to interceptor’s capabilities is a major issue in the process of evaluating the signal to noise ratio at the boundary of protected area. The objective consists in reduction of the probability of detecting compromising emissions which may be eavesdropped at some distance from the computer system using signal processing techniques.
KEYWORDS: Global system for mobile communications, Standards development, Networks, Cell phones, Network security, Receivers, Algorithm development, Mobile communications, Telecommunications
The rapid development of the telecommunication standards, which are getting close to the implementation of the 5th generation now (5G) leads to us to neglect the GSM standard, where there are still vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate step by step the authentication in GSM, of mobile subscribers, technical parameters and vulnerabilities identified in this process, with practical measurements. In Romania, GSM is used by the Operators as a backup network, or to cover with signal long areas (in the mountains) where there is no specific (high data rate transfer) demands from the users. Based on the results obtained a number of interesting conclusions are drawn.
The applicability areas for sensor networks vary from industrial automation, environmental observation to medical domain [1]. As the quality of life has improved, the life expectancy also increased during the last years, fact that leads to an aging of the population. It is well known that elderly people need special treatment and resources due to their decreasing capacity of self-caring. It is, thus, desirable to increase the length of independent living for this category without depriving them from the known life environment and personal habits. Another possible application is the one of child care and monitoring in closed precincts. This paper illustrates the implementation steps of a sensor network used for discriminating between the presence of a human being and of an animal that may be useful in case of medical emergency situations. The design takes into account the main challenges that may occur such as achievement of not accurate results due to the fact that children are moving much more than an adult. The basic structure is designed using Arduino platform, sensors for distance measurements, for height determination as well as DHT22 temperature sensor and sensors for motion detection and takes into account cases of walking and standing subjects. Several configurations have been tested in order to improve the relative error for discrimination between children and pet entering a room.
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and energy efficiency play a major role in the context of industry expansion. Management practices for improving efficiency in the field of energy consumption became a priority of many major industries who are inefficient in terms of exploitation costs. The effort of adopting energy management means in an organization is quite challenging due to the lack of resources and expertise. One major problem consists in the lack of knowledge for energy management and practices. This paper aims to present authors’ concept in creating a Cyber Physical Energy System (CPES) that will change organizations’ way of consuming energy, by making them aware of their use. The presented concept will consider the security of the whole system and the easy integration with the existing electric network infrastructure.
The rapid growth of wireless communications requires a new generation of multifunction devices operating simultaneously under multiple communication standards, in several bands, small, robust and low cost. Microstrip technology can provide these features. An original topological structure is presented in this paper. It integrates several microstrip lines and lumped components in an asymmetric network, and has three ports. A lot of resonance frequencies occur as a result of combination between normal and degenerate propagation modes. Dual-band and three-bands can be selected, depending on the ports used. The originality of this work is to investigate a pentagonal pattern microstrip and introduces two types of perturbations given by two capacitors and a microstrip line section between the corners of the pentagon. The electric field patterns and insertion loss are calculated and provide the possibility of implementing microstrip and larger flexibility for choosing different frequency bands for wireless applications.
The abnormal function of cells can be detected by anatomic or physiological registrations. Most of modern approaches, as ultrasound, RMN or CT, show anatomic parametric modifications of tissues or organs. They highlight areas with a larger diameter 1 cm. In the case of skin or superficial cancers, local temperature is different, and it can be put out by thermal imager. Medical imaging is a leading role in modern diagnosis for abnormal or normal tissues or organs. Some information has to be improved for a better diagnosis by reducing or removing some unwanted information like noise affecting image texture. The traditional technologies for medical image enhancement use spatial or frequency domain methods, but whole image processing will hide both partial and specific information for human signals. A particular kind of medical images is represented by thermal imaging. Recently, these images were used for skin or superficial cancers diagnosis, but very clear outlines of certain alleged affected areas need to be shown. Histogram equalization cannot highlights the edges and control the effects of enhancement. A new filtering method was introduced by Huang by using the empirical mode decomposition, EMD. An improved filtering method for thermal images, based on EMD, is presented in this paper, and permits to analyze nonlinear and non-stationary data by the adaptive decomposition into intrinsic mode surfaces. The results, evaluated by SNR ratios, are compared with other filtering methods.
The home automation system concept existed for many years but in the last decade, due to the rapid development of sensors and wireless technologies, a large number of various such “intelligent homes” have been developed. The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate the flexibility, reliability and affordability of home automation projects, based on a simple and affordable implementation. A wireless sensing and control system have been developed and tested, having a number of basic functionalities such as switching on/off the light according to ambient lighting and turning on/off the central heating. The system has been built around low power microcontrollers and ZigBee modems for wireless communication, using a set of Vishay 640 thermistor sensors for temperature measurements and Vishay LDR07 photo-resistor for humidity measurements. A trigger is activated when the temperature or light measurements are above/below a given threshold and a command is transmitted to the central unit through the ZigBee radio module. All the data processing is performed by a low power microcontroller both at the sensing device and at the control unit.
This paper presents an innovative approach for a monitoring system, with applicability for water environments, based on a previous state of the art regarding both communication challenges in water and underwater monitoring but also the technologies which may be used in such surroundings. The system is based on an underwater sensors network which is connected to a cloud platform by means of a reconfigurable wireless transceiver. The sensor network integrates several low cost sensors that can measure different parameters such as water level, the water flow, temperature, pressure etc. The paper analyzes the measured parameters that will be transmitted through an operational communication node, which is able to ensure a reliable communication with timing and variation delay constraints. The cloud platform collects and stores the environmental data received from the targeted locations. Finally, the paper describes the platform interface available to end users, which will provide a real time visualization of the water environment events.
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