The monitoring of people in health centers and geriatric homes is performed by rehabilitation professionals who manually evaluate the surveillance cameras for identifying one person’s position, and his physical condition. However, this task is tedious and demands the full attention of the rehabilitation staff because patients with neurological conditions need special care or in some cases the 24/7 monitoring. On the other hand, the use of artificial intelligence in the detection of objects and people through images or videos has presented a great performance. This article presents a methodology based on deep learning for the detection and monitoring of people in closed and open environments using video. The proposed method is non-invasive, low-cost, and evaluates the physical activity and inactivity of people in real-time. Preliminary results in public databases present outstanding results in the monitoring and estimation of caloric expenditure in people in indoor and outdoor spaces.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the result of a complication of diabetes affecting the retina. It can cause blindness, if left undiagnosed and untreated. An ophthalmologist performs the diagnosis by screening each patient and analyzing the retinal lesions via ocular imaging. In practice, such analysis is time-consuming and cumbersome to perform. This paper presents a model for automatic DR classification on eye fundus images. The approach identifies the main ocular lesions related to DR and subsequently diagnoses the illness. The proposed method follows the same workflow as the clinicians, providing information that can be interpreted clinically to support the prediction. A subset of the kaggle EyePACS and the Messidor-2 datasets, labeled with ocular lesions, is made publicly available. The kaggle EyePACS subset is used as training set and the Messidor-2 as a test set for lesions and DR classification models. For DR diagnosis, our model has an area-under-the-curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.948, 0.886, and 0.875, respectively, which competes with state-of-the-art approaches.
Retinal diseases are a common cause of blindness around the world, early detection of clinical findings can help to avoid vision loss in patients. Optical coherence tomography images have been widely used to diagnose retinal diseases, due to the capacity to show in detail findings as drusen, hyperreflective foci, and intraretinal and subretinal fluids. The location of findings is vital to identify and follow-up the retinal disease. However, the detection and segmentation of these findings is not an easy task due to artifacts noise, and the time consuming even to experts ophthalmologist. This paper proposes a computational method based on deep learning to automatically identify fluids and hyperreflective foci as a tool to identify retinal diseases through the use of OCT images. The method was evaluated on a set of OCT images manually annotated by experts. The experimental results present a Dice coefficient of 0,4437 and 0,6245 in the segmentation task of fluids (intrarretinal fluids and subretinal fluids), and hyperreflective foci respectively.
Human pose detection is defined as the process of locating the joints of a person or a crowd given an image or video. Currently, pose detection is widely used for the evaluation of athletes, workers, and the monitoring of patients in clinical settings. However, human pose estimation and fall detection are not easy tasks as it requires experts to manually assess the person’s position by using specialized equipment such as e-health devices (watches, bands, handles), markers and high-cost cameras to monitor a limited scenario. The main goal of this article is to implement a marker-less low-cost computer vision system to get the automatic estimation of poses and falls detection recorded on video by calculating the person’s joint angle with a high level of adaptability to any space. This proposed model is the first step in the construction of a system that allows monitoring and generating alerts to prevent falls at home and clinical settings.
Currently, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, making millions of deaths annually in developing countries due to a shortage of detection and treatment. Early detection of cancer neoantigens is useful for specialists because they can help in the development of more successful treatments. Based on this problem, the objective of this work is to carry out a comparative process between machine learning models, to determine which of them allows an adequate prediction of the data, and thus determine the carcinogenic neoantigens. For this, information extracted from protein sequences was employed. The preliminary results show sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.98 respectively.
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