We introduce an integrated Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonator in reflection mode for sensing. The design includes a Deep Seated Negative Axicon (DSNA) embedded with WGM resonator. DSNA is fabricated in photosensitive optical fiber (GF4-A) by chemical etching. The reflected signal indicating Q factor ~6x103 is achieved. The developed WGM resonator is used to sense Toluene with sensitivity of 1.73nm/RIU.
The ability to detect the malignancy inside the tissue structure non-invasively have immense potential in the clinical application. In this work, a Bessel beam axicon probe based common-path optical coherence tomography system is demonstrated for detection of malignancy inside the human tissue. This probe is employed in this system having an axicon structure which is chemically etched inside the optical fiber end. This probe generates a quality Bessel beam owning a large depth-of-field, ~700µm and small central spot size. This probe effectively identifies the malignancy in the human colon tissue hence it could be a great tool as an endoscopic probe in future for either early-stage or during surgery diagnosis.
In this work, the Bessel beam from the optical fiber negative axicon probe is utilized for spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SDOCPM) based on common-path interferometry. An optical fiber negative axicon probe generating the Bessel beam is fabricated by the chemical etching at the distal end of a high germanium doped optical fiber in hydrofluoric acid (48% HF) under the effect of capillary action. This probe produces a non-diffracting Bessel beam having a long depth of focus (DOF), ~700μm and very small spot size. This is basically a lens-less approach for SDOCPM. The wrapped phase is retrieved in the spectral domain, afterwards, the unwrapping is done. The absolute optical path length (OPL) is estimated by the slope of the unwrapped phase which is further fitted by a least-square algorithm. The retrieved unwrapped phase is assumed as a reference to correct the wrapped phase obtained by the conventional direct phase extraction method. The phase fluctuation is evaluated to be ≤ 0.6 milliradian by a stationary coverslip of ~150μm and the corresponding displacement sensitivity in the free space is ~10 pm. The axial resolution and lateral resolution of our system in the air are found to be ~6.9μm. We successfully demonstrate the potential of our system for biological application by imaging the onion skin as a sample.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative WGR coupling scheme that is easy to make, requires little alignment, and is both convenient and stable with no need for phase matching. It relies on cavity enhanced Rayleigh scattering. This is the first, single-ended, fiber-based optical nano-antenna that can be used to simultaneously excite and collect light from the WGMs of a microresonator, coupling efficiency as high as 13% is observed, making it very promising for optical sensing applications or cQED.
In this work we report sliver mirror coated Deep Seated Negative Axicon (DSNA) optical fiber tip which significantly reduces the output power loss and increases the percentage Bessel-Gauss beam power output as compared to non-coated DSNA. The silver mirror has been deposited on the cladding of a highly Ge doped single mode double clad optical fiber using Tollen’s reagent and Glucose solution. DSNA is fabricated after deposition of the silver mirror. This coated DSNA is compared with a non-coated DSNA for measured output power by coupling with a He-Ne Laser. The measurement shows that after coating 88% of the total output power is contributing to the formation of Bessel-Gauss beam whereas it is just 30% in case of non-coated DSNA. The power in central spot of the Bessel-Gauss beam has also been increased from ~7% to ~12% of the power contributing in Bessel-Gauss beam generation. This silver mirror coated DSNA fiber tip could significantly improve the image contrast, Signal to noise ratio and sensitivity of the DSNA based Common-path optical coherence tomography system.
In this work, a negative axicon is fabricated at the tip of an optical fiber probe by chemical etching in hydrofluoric acid which produces superior quality Bessel beam. It has large depth of focus, ~700μm along with a small central spot size, ~2μm. This negative axicon probe is utilized in a common-path optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) setup which overcome the polarization mismatch and group velocity dispersion as both sample and reference beam travels from the similar physical path. This probe eliminates the trade-off between lateral resolution and penetration depth of the optical coherence tomography for high resolution imaging with large imaging depth. The performance of the optical fiber negative axicon probe is compared with the cleaved fiber tip. It is observed that the quality of OCT image for negative axicon probe is better than the cleaved tip. The working distance between the sample and probe for axicon probe is in larger than the cleaved tip. This axicon tip probe has great potential in endoscopic OCT in future for probing the deep tissue.
In this work, a Bessel beam from a deep seated negative axicon (DSNA) tip is utilized as a probe in the common-path interferometric configuration for cross-section tissue imaging. The DSNA is fabricated at the one end of an optical fiber by capillary action using chemical etching in hydrofluoric acid (48% HF) which generates high-quality Bessel beam. It has a small central spot size and large depth of field which ensure the quality of Bessel beam. This Bessel beam is used to probe the sample. The beam reflected back from the sample and couples with the probe treated as a sample beam which interferes with the reference beam generated at the air-axicon interface and the interference spectrum is acquired at detector end. This spectrum is further processed to obtain an image of the sample. The lateral and axial resolution of the system is ~3.3μm and ~6.9μm respectively. The experiments have been conducted on the tissue of the chicken muscle-fiber and heart. This optical fiber probe can be an ideal choice for an endoscopic probe in future.
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