Mr. Rafal Polak Profile

Rafal Polak

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Publications (6)

Proceedings Article | 11 February 2020 Open Access

Determination of co-site work conditions of selected wideband radio station by measurement method

Rafal Polak

Proceedings Volume 11442, 114421E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2565749

KEYWORDS: Antennas, Signal attenuation, RF communications, Electromagnetism, Receivers, Chromium, Transmitters, Free space, Telecommunications, Electronic components

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Proceedings Article | 11 February 2020 Open Access

Advanced protection methods of unmanned aircraft vehicle against attack by radio techniques

Robert Sierzputowski, Rafał Polak, Damian Wojtyra, Dariusz Laskowski

Proceedings Volume 11442, 114420Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2565296

KEYWORDS: Unmanned aerial vehicles, Telecommunications, Navigation systems, Electronics, Control systems, RF communications, Electromagnetism, Antennas, Global Positioning System, Signal detection

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There are many solutions in the world used to combat unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in a non -kinetic way. Considering the costs associated with the kinetic control of UAV, technological development makes it possible to replace such annihilation of the threat in favor of non-kinetic control. However, the degree of complexity in developing effective non-kinetic control does not allow the easy introduction of appropriate solutions to ensure high efficiency. An important element of combat systems UAVs is to detect threats, but the use of appropriate measures to combat the threat depends on the effectiveness. Considering the latest technical solutions, UAVs systems have interference-proof control systems, enabling them to return to the starting place, as well as other elements hindering their eradication. There are few solutions in the world combining kinetic and non-kinetic control. Considering the degree of technical sophistication of such systems, there is not much of such systems in the world. The most common are manual systems that enable electromagnetic pulse interaction or the transmission of appropriate interference signals. In the civil market, UAVs systems most often use frequencies close to Wi-Fi. Connectivity relationships can easily be distorted by commercially available Wi-Fi interfering devices. A more difficult issue is military UAVs systems. The possibility of communication between the operator and the aircraft expands to more available radio spectrum, as well as technologies to boost their immunity. Therefore, the article presents an analysis of current methods do not kinetic combat UAVs systems. Next, the solutions of non-kinetic UAV control were reviewed to present the conclusions from the multifaceted tactical and technical analysis of the possibilities of currently used solutions in the subject area. Based on the knowledge from the area of the advantages and disadvantages of these systems it is possible to submit a proposal to increase the resistance against the destructive non-kinetic combat UAVs.

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Proceedings Article | 11 February 2020 Open Access

The measurements of the secured voice communication quality in a broadband radio channel

Piotr Lubkowski, Rafal Polak, Robert Sierzputowski

Proceedings Volume 11442, 114420R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2564573

KEYWORDS: RF communications, Telecommunications, Signal to noise ratio, Broadband telecommunications, Data communications, Analytical research, Network security

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2019 Paper

Assessment of voice call quality in SCIP encrypted traffic

Piotr Lubkowski, Rafal Polak, Robert Sierzputowski, Dariusz Laskowski

Proceedings Volume 11055, 110550E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2524539

KEYWORDS: Telecommunications, Network security, Data communications

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2019 Paper

Secure voice transmission in the coalitional communication

Rafal Polak, Piotr Lubkowski, Robert Sierzputowski, Damian Wojtyra, Dariusz Laskowski

Proceedings Volume 11055, 110550R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2524831

KEYWORDS: RF communications, Telecommunications, Computer security, Data communications, Network security, Cryptography, Defense and security, Multimedia

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One of the most important aspects in contemporary alliance and coalition communication is to ensure an adequate level of security for data and voice transmission. Continuous technological development is a factor that significantly hinders the development of the coalition standard aimed at protecting real-time data transmission (audio and video) in a reliable and safe way. For a long period of time, the coalition nations encountered problems connected with establishing a correct transmission between national systems. In order to achieve interoperability of communication systems, the United States government has made available and presented the standard FNBDT (Future Narrowband Digital Terminal) which in the course of time took the name SCIP (Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol). This protocol is being developed to this day by working groups consisting of representatives of scientific institutions and companies from the armed industry of NATO countries. Thanks to international cooperation the Protocol was adopted as standard STANAG 5068. It allows the use of cryptographic mechanisms to block the transmission of voice and data in a standardized way, ensuring interoperability of existing and newly formed allied and coalition communication systems for voice transmission. The SCIP protocol is based on two speech codecs: MELPe and G.729D. The article will discuss the current work carried out in NATO working groups on the definition of the COMSEC function and the way it is implemented in broadband radio stations to develop a broadband waveform for coalition activities. Also, the national waveform to secure communication in the broadband radio station will be presented. In the next chapter there will be the presentation of selected experimental results of broadband radio R-450C with the above-mentioned implemented mechanisms to protect voice communication. The obtained results will allow to evaluate the implemented mechanisms in terms of security. The developed analysis and obtained measurement results may be helpful both for people organizing radio communication using broadband radios as well as for those responsible for the proper operation of electronic warfare systems.

Proceedings Article | 27 March 2019 Paper

Mechanisms of immunization of broadband radio stations for targeted interference

Robert Matyszkiel, Rafał Polak, Piotr Lubkowski, Dariusz Laskowski

Proceedings Volume 11055, 110550G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2524561

KEYWORDS: Signal processing, RF communications, Telecommunications, Data transmission, Video, Warfare, Control systems, Resistance, Spectrum analysis, Broadband telecommunications

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The rapid development of sophisticated military command and control systems causes the dynamic demand for broadband services including the transmission of video in real time by using telecommunications links. One way to resolve the problem of limited bandwidth in used military wireless systems is to use modern broadband radio stations. Broadband radio stations in addition to undoubted advantages such as increased system bandwidth, have also some limitations – in comparison to narrowband radios, broadband radios offer a smaller range and work in a wide band and high transmitter activity associated with the generation of maintenance traffic, which makes it easier to detect radio emission by the opponent. Modern electronic warfare systems can track down such systems and overpower them. That is why one of the main tasks, which currently are facing designers of advanced broadband radio communication systems, is to develop mechanisms to immunize broadband radio stations on the targeted interference. In this article the method of implementation of the national waveform allowing for securing the transmission in broadband radio stations will be presented. Transmission modes of the radio station (TDMA, CSMA/SC, CSMA/MC) will be discussed considering advantages and disadvantages of each of the above-mentioned modes of operation. In the next chapter selected results of experimental studies of broadband radio station R-450C with the above-mentioned implemented operating modes and universal defeat device for generation of diverse broadband interference will be presented. The obtained results will allow to assess the implemented modes of radio stations for resistances of broadband radio communication system on selected targeted interference. The developed analysis and obtained measurement results may be helpful both for people organizing radio communication using broadband radios as well as for those responsible for the proper operation of electronic warfare systems.

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