FM halftoning generates good tone rendition but it is not appropriate for electrophotographic (EP) printers due
to the inherent instability of the EP process. Although AM halftoning yields stable dots, it is susceptible to moire
and contouring artifacts. To combine the strengths of AM and FM halftoning, the AM/FM halftoning algorithm
exploits each advantage of AM and FM halftoning. The resulting halftone textures have green noise spectral
characteristics. In this paper, we present an improved training procedure for the AM/FM halftoning algorithm.
Since most of the green noise energy is concentrated in the middle frequencies, the tone dependent error diffusion
(TDED) parameters (weights and thresholds) are optimized using a new cost function with normalization to
distribute the cost evenly over all frequencies. With the new cost function, we can obtain image quality that is
very close to the direct binary search (DBS) search-based dispersed-dot halftoning algorithm. The cost function
for training the AM part is also modified by penalizing variation in measured tone value across the multiple
printer conditions for each combination of dot size and dot density.
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