Recently, ternary semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (STOPVs) have developed rapidly due to their impressive application prospect in vegetable greenhouse, smart light window, and building-integrated solar cells. However, STOPVs have special requirements for the thickness of the active layer, which will affect the performance of the solar cells. Therefore, a new method developed to trade off device performance and average transmittance (AVT) are extremely important. Herein, we used an insulating polymer poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a color control agent to improve the AVT without changing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary STOPVs. Through mixing of PVK, the STOPVs show remarkable enhancement of the hole mobility and visible light transmittance, which leading the AVT of the device reaches 23.2% while maintaining the PCE over 14%. This method can effectively realize the preparation of high-performance neutral STOPVs, which is worthy of further promotion and research.
KEYWORDS: Polymers, Polymerization, Interfaces, Zinc oxide, Solar cells, Organic photovoltaics, Polymer thin films, Electrodes, Control systems, Solar energy
Electro-chemical polymerization has identified to be a facile and useful method for the preparation of electroactive and conducting polymer films, and capability of precise control of the film properties. With this strategy, a large number of conjugated polymers were developed as specific interface modification layers to meet the requirements from various electronic equipment. Here we report the synthesis of conjugated polymer film prepared by in situ electro-chemical polymerization as effective interface modification layer between ITO and ZnO in organic solar cells. By optimizing the polymerization potential to control accurately the thickness of conjugated polymer layer, the resulting devices show significantly enhancement of short-circuit current, with an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9%. As a result, the reasonable interface modification strategy via electro-chemical polymerization seems to be able to bring a new design perspective for the development of high-performance organic solar cells.
KEYWORDS: Analog electronics, Photon counting, Data acquisition, Signal detection, LIDAR, Sensors, Atmospheric sensing, Field programmable gate arrays, Radar, Signal processing
Using a single detector to realize the detection of wind Lidar in the upper atmosphere is the simplest signal detection mode, but the disadvantage of single detector is that it would limit the dynamic range of wind Lidar. When the detection area is 30km, the linear dynamic range of electronic system is required to be 5~6 orders of magnitude. In this case, it is difficult to satisfy the demand by using analog sampling or photon counting alone. In order to extend the dynamic range of wind Lidar based on single detector, we developed a set of wind Lidar readout electronics in the upper atmosphere based on single detector which has large dynamic range. The system of the detector used analog measurement and photon counting measurement at the same time, namely, analog sampling is adopted to measure the strong echo signals and photon counting is adopted to measure the weak echo signals. At the same time, the calibration laser energy is obtained by using the integral channel to improve the accuracy of Lidar calibration. After signal acquisition, data of analog sampling channel and photon counting channel are splicing through FPGA, and finally transmitted to the upper computer through Ethernet and UART. The results of electronics test show that the linear dynamic range of readout electronics system can reach 5~6 orders of magnitude through the combination of two channel signals, which can meet the design requirements. In addition, the high integration of this electronic readout system can meet the demand of miniaturization of current wind Lidar.
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