Highly precise fiber optic strain and temperature measurements using chirped long period fiber grating (CLPG) are proposed and demonstrated, in which cascaded CLPGs (C-CLPGs) are employed as the sensing element and a Fourier transform technique is applied for the interrogation scheme. In this technique, strain and/or temperature-induced wavelength shift is determined precisely from the cross-correlation or cross-spectrum between the original and shifted channeled spectrum. In the experiment, C-CLPGs are fabricated by UV-irradiation technique, and strain and temperature characteristics are investigated. The highly precise measurements are confirmed by comparing with the results of the peak tracking method.
A highly sensitive fiber-optic mechanical vibration sensor is constructed by using a cascaded long period fiber grating (LPG) based on an intensity modulation scheme. In the fabrication process, the cascaded LPG, which is composed of a pair of identical LPGs with a certain distance, is inscribed in a length of photosensitive single-mode optical fiber by means of a point-by-point technique using a KrF excimer laser. Since the sensitivity of the intensity-based LPG sensor depends on a gradient of the slope of transmittance spectrum curve as well as the strain-sensitivity of the spectral shift, the channeled spectrum of the cascaded LPG provides a highly sensitive operation for the vibration detection. In the experiment, several kinds of cascaded LPGs have been fabricated and examined in terms of the sensor sensitivity. In addition, highly sensitive mechanical vibration detection has been successfully demonstrated.
Operation of an optical fiber sensor based on an in-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer using chirped fiber Bragg gratings is examined in the pulse-position modulation scheme, especially for mechanical vibration measurement. Emphasis is placed on the ability to measure vibration of larger amplitude. Although the magnitude of vibration that can be measured with a single Fabry-Perot resonance peak is rather limited, the limitation is expected to be overcome by use of multiple resonance peaks in the operation. The experiment with five resonance peaks shows the successful operation of the sensor and therefore the validity of the method proposed.
A Fiber Bragg Gratings(FBG) have been used as a sensor head for measurement of temperature and static strain. However, a standard FBG sensor, which is constructed on single-mode fiber, cannot simultaneously measure both temperature and static strain since the sensor has cross-sensitivity between them. The cross-sensitivity problem can be solved by using an FBG constructed on a polarization maintaining fiber(PM-FBG) instead of a standard FBG. In this paper, we report improvement on the sensing resolution for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and static strain. An Fabry-Perot interferometer constructed with PM-FBG(PM-FBG-FPI) is introduced as a sensor head. The fine structure of an PM-FBG-FPI reflection spectrum enables high resolution detection of wavelength shifts. The resulting high resolution measurement is demonstrated experimentally.
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