With the evolution of cellular network generations to offer higher data rate to the users, 5G aims to offer a capacity up to 10Gbps. This puts an additional impetus for the backbone networks to be able to carry the large volume of data at aggregation points using optical fiber communication network. The voluminous data transportation should be achieved for longer link length with optimum Quality of Service. We have proposed and evaluated an Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) link based on Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) in conjunction with Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA) for 16/64 QAM. Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) has been a critical issue. Although PMD increases the capacity, it also results in cross talk and cross phase modulation. In order to counter the PMD, Polarization Controller (PC), Polarization Beam Combiner (PBC) and splitter have been included besides the HOA over the fiber length varying from 30 to 160Km at a data rate of 5Gbps. The performance of the proposed link is compared with a conventional OFC link without using hybrid configuration. Also, the hybrid amplifier configuration has been evaluated for bit rates varying from 5 to 8Gbps at 100km fiber length. BER, Q-factor and Eye diagram have been chosen as the performance metrics.
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) plays a vital role in optical network. The present investigation reports the performance comparison of the modeling of single-mode VCSELs at room temperature for continuous wave operation. VCSEL for the study consists of InGaAsP-based cavity or active region sandwiched between GaAs/AlGaAs top mirror and GaAs/AlAs bottom mirrors with the aim of increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE), lasing power, and decreasing the threshold current. It is observed that VCSELs with lower diameter are most suitable to achieve energy-efficient operation. The PCE obtained is ∼50% for the proposed single-mode VCSELs. The proposed VCSELs are suitable for short-reach optical interconnects such as chip-to-chip and board-to-board communication in high-performance computers.
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is an important laser source for their evident plentiful applications in optical communication. The present investigation reports a comparison of the modeling and optimization of long wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm high speed short cavity VCSEL for continuous wave operation at various temperature (283-3230K) for various diameters. The continuous wave lasing is demonstrated for the device diameter from 2 to 5 μm with threshold current of 1.07-1.33 mA with threshold power consumption of 1.86-2.57 mW for 1310 nm and threshold current of 0.94-1.24 mA and threshold power consumption 1.67-2.1 mW for 1550 nm VCSEL. The results demonstrate that the threshold current, peak emitted power and power consumption increases with the increase in device diameter. The results confirm that VCSELs with 2 μm diameter is most suitable to achieve energy-efficient operation. Although rollover current increases with the diameter, but, due to the advantage of lower threshold current and power consumption, VCSEL having smaller diameter is best suited. The power conversion efficiency for proposed long wavelength VCSELs is approximately 50% which is extremely useful for low power applications. The proposed VCSELs are suitable for very short reach (<2 m) optical interconnects such as chip-to-chip and board-to-board communication in high performance computers.
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