KEYWORDS: Antennas, Reflection, Wave propagation, Radiation effects, Error analysis, Received signal strength, Wireless communications, Phase measurement, Radio propagation, Signal attenuation
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing wireless communication technology for electronically
identifying, locating, and tracking products, assets, and personnel. RFID has become one of the most
important means to construct real-time locating systems (RTLS) that track and identify the location of objects
in real time using simple, inexpensive tags and readers. The applicability and usefulness of RTLS techniques
depend on their achievable accuracy. In particular, when multilateration-based localization techniques are exploited,
the achievable accuracy primarily relies on the precision of the range estimates between a reader and the
tags. Such range information can be obtained by using the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and/or the
phase difference of arrival (PDOA). In both cases, however, the accuracy is significantly compromised when the
operation environment is impaired. In particular, multipath propagation significantly affects the measurement
accuracy of both RSSI and phase information. In addition, because RFID systems are typically operated in short
distances, RSSI and phase measurements are also coupled with the reader and tag antenna patterns, making
accurate RFID localization very complicated and challenging. In this paper, we develop new methods to localize
RFID tags or readers by exploiting sparse signal recovery techniques. The proposed method allows the channel
environment and antenna patterns to be taken into account and be properly compensated at a low computational
cost. As such, the proposed technique yields superior performance in challenging operation environments with
the above-mentioned impairments.
This paper proposes a correlation method for detecting super-regenerative RF receivers via stimulation. Long PN
sequences are used as to stimulate the unintended emissions from the RF receivers. High correlation between known
PN sequence and stimulated unintended emissions from RF receivers helps improving the detection range compared to
passive detection and power detection methods. Although RF receivers generate unintended emissions from their nonlinear
devices, without stimulation, the power of these unintended emission is usually lower than --70dBm, as per the FCC
regulations. Direct detection (passive detection) of these emissions is a challenging task specially in noisy conditions.
When a stimulation signal is transmitted from distance, superregenerative receivers generate unintended emissions that
contain the stimulation signal and its harmonics. Excellent correlation property of PN sequence enables us to improve the
range and accuracy of detecting the super-regenerative receivers through stimulation method even in noisy conditions. The
experiment involves detection of wireless doorbell, a commercially available super-regenerative receiver. USRP is used
for transmitting the stimulant signal and receiving unintended stimulated emissions from the doorbell. Experiments show
that the detection range of the proposed method with long PN sequences is much larger than passive detection and power
detection methods.
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