Rayleigh lidar measurements of temperature from 20 to 60 km have been carried out at the Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the SB RAS, from 2004 to 2017. Observations were carried out from late August to mid-May. Dominant IGWs with wavelengths 2–4 km, 5–7 km, and 10–15 km was identified. Local variation maximum of the temperature profile is often observed at stratopause heights during sudden winter stratospheric warmings (SSWs).
KEYWORDS: Troposphere, Solar processes, Solar radiation, Earth's atmosphere, Stratosphere, Meteorology, Data centers, Temperature metrology, Scientific research, Physics
The paper presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the characteristics of the troposphere over Central Yakutia in the 24th cycle of solar activity (SA). We used data from the Global Systems Laboratory (GSL, ESRL/NOAA) on atmospheric radiosounding from the Yakutsk aerological station with local data releases at 08:30LT and 20:30LT (in real conditions ±30 min.). The boundaries of the heights of the tropopause (Htropopause, м) with the determination of temperature (Ttropopause, °C), direction (Wind DIR, degrees) and wind speed (Wind SPD, knots) at its level, as well as the average values of the temperature of the troposphere (Tav. troposphere, °С is the mean air temperature up to the height of the tropopause). The general dynamics of the characteristics of the troposphere in the 24th SA cycle is shown.
The results of an experimental research of the influence of winter stratospheric warming on the intensity of the muon component of secondary cosmic rays are presented. The paper compares the results of radiosonde and lidar measurements of the atmospheric temperature over Yakutsk and registration data of the underground complex of muon telescopes of the A.I. Kuzmin Yakutsk Cosmic Ray Spectrograph. The winter period of 2009-2011 is being considered. Because this period is due to a minimum of solar activity and, accordingly, the contribution of the Forbush effects to variations in the intensity of cosmic ray muons was minimal. The existence of a direct relationship between the muon counting intensity and the temperature of the winter atmosphere during sudden warming is shown. It was found that the largest contribution to the formation of muons is made by temperature variations at the tropopause level. This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on budget topic II.16.1.7. 0375-2018-0004 and RFBR grant No. 18-45-140034.
A mobile lidar station for measuring the temperature and aerosol stratification of the middle atmosphere is presented. The station is housed in a specially equipped 20-foot container and can be transported to any area for observation. Lidar is equipped with an NdYAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm and a receiving telescope with a mirror diameter of 600 mm and allows measurements of atmospheric temperature from Rayleigh scattering up to 60 km. Currently, the lidar station is installed at the Maimaga optical test site located 130 km north of Yakutsk.
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the features of the spectral distribution of an aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the central part of Yakutia using monthly average data from a CIMEL CE-318 sun-sky photometer (AERONET). For the period 2004-2017, according to the data of the main optical characteristics (AOD and Angstrom parameter (A)), some anomalies in the spectral distribution of monthly mean AOD values were revealed.
In this work, the transparency of the atmosphere over the central part of Yakutia is classified using ground-based observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) for the period of 2004–2014. It is revealed that every year the days with the values of AOD corresponding to the class III of atmospheric transparency (turbid atmosphere) made up 25-30% of the total number of AOD measurement days.
The analysis of the horizontal and vertical parameters of internal gravity waves (IGW), recorded by two different optical methods. The first instrument is a stratospheric lidar with the possibility of vertical tracking of waves up to 60 km, the second instrument is a digital all-sky camera with an infrared filter (OH), which identify the horizontal characteristics of IGW at an altitude of 86-87 km. This paper presents an analysis of several coincidence cases for the period 2006–2008, when the instruments operated simultaneously and IGW passages were detected. The investigation of the IGW parameters such as: vertical and horizontal wavelengths, periods, phase velocities and propagation directions was made.
Research of atmospheric gravitational waves on the observations of noctilucent clouds in the city of Yakutsk in the summer season of 2018 was carried out. The observations were made using a permanently installed Samsung Galaxy S4 / mini phone using the free program Time Lapse Creator. The shooting was carried out with an exposure of 2 seconds, every 2 minutes in the direction above the northern horizon. The rare case of observing such a wave structure of noctilucent clouds on July 26, when several waves of different lengths and intersecting directions of propagation are simultaneously observed, is analyzed. The main characteristics of the analysis of these gravitaty waves are given.
In the work the comparative analysis of integrated moisture content of the atmospheres (W) between data of the reanalysis ERA-Interim and spectral solar photometry of the international global AERONET network over the Eurasian continent is resulted. For the 1979 to 2015 period, the correlation analysis between W and elements of the atmospheric general circulation (AGC) and also quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO) of zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere is carried out.
The paper presents the comparative characteristics of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) observed during the winter from 2005 to 2017 over the polygon of the EAS of SHICRA SB RAS (~ 60 km to the south from Yakutsk). A comparison of the lidar temperature data with measurements from the satellite "Aura" was made. The dependence of SSW on the phase of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the equatorial mean zonal wind and Nino 3.4 SST index .
The system of video surveillance during active rocket experiments in the Polar geophysical observatory "Tixie" and studies of the effects of “Soyuz” vehicle launches from the "Vostochny" cosmodrome over the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is presented. The created system consists of three AHD video cameras with different angles of view mounted on a common platform mounted on a tripod with the possibility of manual guiding. The main camera with high-sensitivity black and white CCD matrix SONY EXview HADII is equipped depending on the task with lenses "MTO-1000" (F = 1000 mm) or "Jupiter-21M " (F = 300 mm) and is designed for more detailed shooting of luminous formations. The second camera of the same type, but with a 30 degree angle of view. It is intended for shooting of the general plan and large objects, and also for a binding of coordinates of object on stars. The third color wide-angle camera (120 degrees) is designed to be connected to landmarks in the daytime, the optical axis of this channel is directed at 60 degrees down. The data is recorded on the hard disk of a four-channel digital video recorder. Tests of the original version of the system with two channels were conducted during the launch of the geophysical rocket in Tixie in September 2015 and showed its effectiveness.
Reaction of the high-latitude lower ionosphere and the geomagnetic field to the Vilyuysk meteoroid explosion according to amplitudes of partially reflected ordinary and extraordinary waves, received by the partial reflection facility of the Tumanny observatory (69.0°N, 35.7°E), and geomagnetic field variations of the Lovozero observatory (68.0°N, 35.0°E) of the Polar Geophysical Institute had been considered. The meteor has blown up at 21:29 UT, 4 March 2014, in the sky over the Vilyuysk district of Yakutia (64.3°N, 123.1°E). It was shown that explosions have caused changes in the ionosphere and the geomagnetic field, and also appearance of waves of different types: internal gravity waves and slow magneto-hydrodynamic waves.
In this work, the investigation results of annual and seasonal variations of the surface air temperature due to solar activity are given using a superposed epoch technique. The data of long-term observations (1954-2012) at meteorological stations on the territory of Yakutia are used.
This paper examines vertical temperature profiles of the middle atmosphere at heights from 25 to 60 km obtained with Rayleigh lidar near Yakutsk during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) of major type in January, 2010. To study manifestations of wave processes in the temperature profiles the wavelet methods have been used. The continuous wavelet transformation has given a complete review of the temporal and spatial development of wave regime of the middle atmosphere. Thus vertical wavelengths as afunction depending on a height have been obtained , then so that an attempt to reveal corresponding wavelengths which caused SSW on the critical level in breaking.
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