The difficulty in designing new optical systems lies in the fact that design remains largely an “art” that depends on the experience and intuition of the developer, rather than a precise engineering discipline that strictly and unambiguously algorithms the design process. This circumstance is quite noticeable in the optical industry, where young specialists need time to adapt to practical work on the design of optical systems. These circumstances lead to the need to pay special attention to teaching programs of optics education that will ensure that students receive the necessary competencies for the successful fulfillment of production tasks for the development of complex optical systems in industry. The report will present our proposals on the necessary refinement of master's programs of study and the formation of joint training programs for lens designer.
In the article some methods for processing the information contained in a database are offered with the purpose of extraction of the knowledge, the experience and the intuition of the designers, coded in the database. It gives much attention to the methods for determinating limit potential image quality of optical systems of various complexities.
The modern level of development of optoelectronic devices requires the creation of optoelectronic
devices, providing maximum information content in different weather conditions, day and night. The solution
to this problem is possible only through the creation of optoelectronic devices operating in various ranges of
the optical spectrum simultaneously (multi-spectral electro-optical devices).
The report presents the results of work on the creation of thermal lenses, working simultaneously in
two regions of the spectrum of 3-5 microns and 8-12 microns, shows the results of the specific development
of such lenses and their aberration characteristics.
In the article the structural model, realized by the authors, is described. This model helps to formalize description of a configuration of optical system. It allows to solve special tasks such as: analysis of a layout (a graphic image) of the optical scheme, comparison of morphological (structural) distinctions of the optical schemes, classification of optical systems by their configuration.
Wide application of Zernike’s orthogonal polynomials at lens design and optical engineering generates a need of more detailed study of their properties, assemblage new results and results received previously. In this connection we bring results of our researches on study of properties of Zernike's polynomials, revealing their interrelation with other special functions, obtaining recurrence relations, formulas of differentiation of Zernike's radial polynomials, decomposition of the ratio of two radial polynomials in continuous fractions and so on.
Analysis of aberration performance of two-mirror lens allowed revealing an interesting relationship between them and the central obscuration coefficient ε and the distance δ of the focal plane from the vertex of the primary mirror and introducing the coefficient of complexity of Cassegrain lens.
Optical system databases give the lens designers an opportunity of search of the prototypes. However choice of the most acceptable prototype requires carrying out the analysis of optical systems on special techniques, which are absent in the majority of optical design programs. In this connection in this paper we present some approaches to the investigation of the limiting possibilities of optical systems and the aberration analysis on the basis of global expansion of the wave aberration into series in term of Zernike's orthogonal polynomials. The numerical examples of use of offered techniques are presented.
The global synthesis and global optimization methods developed recently are based on numerical methods of search of the global extremum of the merit function. Such methods are developed without paying due regard to image formation law and with no account of the role of the separate optical subsystem for appearance of aberrations. These circumstances don't make possible effective formalization of the problem of obtaining the starting system. It should be mentioned that 'before the computer epoch' the optical system design was characterized by wide use of analytic methods based upon classical aberration theory. These methods were used both for optical system designing and the detailed study of their potential possibilities. The efficiency of said methods is proved by the possibility for an optical designer to get almost 'by hand' a real optical system. The labor-consuming and tedious procedure of the real system aberration correction took place only at final stages of operational development of the optical systems. The paper describes the author's methodology of starting system synthesis. This methodology makes possible numeric- and analytical-construction of optical systems on the basis of wide use of the classical theory of aberrations and it substantially develops 'before the computer epoch' approaches. Let us consider a set of principal peculiarities of the offered methods of starting system synthesis and the results of particular use of such methods.
In many cases the time for optical system design can be considerably reduced if the possibility exists of adoption of the real optical system with acceptable aberration properties and characteristics close to the desired ones (the so-called prototype). In order to use such a possibility a certain work has been fulfilled for realizing the data base with ready optical systems, the results of the work being reported here at our conference in another paper. But the prototype adoption requires us to carry out profound analysis of aberration properties of the possible prototypes and to select the most acceptable one. The use of classical approaches of aberration analysis doesn't permit us to investigate thoroughly the interconnection between the aberration properties and the ones of the lens forms. The questions are: how to reveal the potential possibilities of the lens forms? How to find the most optimal fields of use of the real optical systems and how to select such a lens form that can provide the best imaging? In connection with the foregoing we developed a principally new approach for investigations of the aberration analysis and limiting possibilities of optical systems. This approach is based on investigation of behavior of the aberration functionals depending on the special method of variation of an angular field of view and an aperture.
A comprehensive database of essentially all of the world's lens patents has been compiled, and an interface written, to permit a lens designer to quickly scan all of the lenses suitable for a stated purpose or constructed in accordance with stated rules. These data can easily be imported into a commercial optical design program, yielding immediate starting points for many optimization problems.
A new version of DEMOS program is presented. DEMOS (design, evaluation, and modeling of optical systems) is an integrated dialog system for modeling, evaluation, and design of optical systems with conventional and hologram optical elements (HOE). Theoretical principles and modern state-of-the-main possibilities and application principles of DEMOS program for optical systems with HOE design on personal computers are discussed.
A new approach to the optimization of the optical systems is described. This approach consists in the construction of the Merit Function on the basis of the higher order aberrations at the initial stage of the correction.
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