The possible temperature influence on the microparticle concentration in the near-surface layer of the Earth is presented. As input data we used either temperature variation instrumental observations as well as less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) microparticle mass concentrations in the subsurface layer of the atmosphere. The measurements were held during the summer period of 2021 and 2022 years in the midlatitude Mikhnevo Geophysical Observatory of IDG RAS. While data processing and analysis, a strong correlation between the daily mean temperature values and PM2.5 concentrations was established. The maximum value of the Pearson linear correlation coefficient between the considered values was obtained in July. A high correlation is observed both for individual monthly correlations and for summer periods in general.
Instrumental observations of variations of geophysical fields during mass explosions at Lebedinsky and Stoilensky quarries. Complex instrumental measurements of variations of microparticles in the atmosphere, the level of infrasound and the intensity of the electric field were carried out. Measurements were carried out in two stationary points. The observations made it possible to obtain adequate estimates of both the values of the concentration of solid particles in the air during mass explosions, and variations in the level of infrasound and electric field strength in settlements located in the immediate vicinity of quarries.
Instrumental observations of the dust and gas clouds development and microparticles emissions into the atmosphere were carried out during mass explosions at the Lebedinsky quarry. In the process of observations, a stationary observation point and a number of mobile points were organized. The results of observations made it possible to obtain estimates of both the maximum values of the solid particles concentrations and their average daily values in the settlements located in the immediate vicinity of the quarry. Sources of particulate matter emissions not related to technological operations at the quarry were also identified.
A numerical-theoretical model for estimating atmospheric pollution for the case of concentration decreasing with height is presented. The model gives an explicit expression of characteristics through each other. Some values of parameters calculated are provided with the model verification by comparing the calculated concentrations of fine particles and measured variations in dust PM2.5 mass concentrations.
This paper presents the analysis of the data on suspended PM2.5 particle concentrations changing during the time periods before and after the stay-at-home restrictions aimed at preventing spread of COVID-19 in Moscow. The data used for this analysis were obtained at the Mosecomonitoring network stations and the Center of Geophysical Monitoring of Moscow at IDG RAS.
The paper presents the field observation data on variations in the pressure and electric field intensity in the near-surface atmospheric layer during the passage of the morning solar terminator in several regions of the Russian Federation. The results of experiments on the "SURA" heating stand designed for registering acoustic and electric fields are provided. Analysis of the data obtained shows that synchronous variations in pressure and electric field intensity occurring at operation of the heating stand are similar to those observed during the passage of the solar terminator.
Infrasound waves generated by auroras are usually recorded at high latitudes during periods of high geomagnetic activity. These waves are often characterized by high apparent velocities (usually from 400 to 1000 m/s), which means that their source locates at a high altitude. Currently, the relation between the atmosphere electric-field variations and infrasound in the near-surface atmospheric layer during magnetospheric substorms is determined. However, for the full-scale analysis of the said interaction, we must have a predictive picture of the infrasonic atmospheric response, which raises the need for its modeling.
The emission of microparticles into the atmosphere during rock mass breaking by blasting in open-pits is one of the factors which determine the ground-level air pollution in the vicinity of the open-pits. The results of instrumental observations over the development of dust and gas clouds occurring from large-scale explosions at the limestone pit in Lipetsk region are presented. A numerical model has been developed to substantiate the function of the boundary layer for the fine dust reaching the monitoring stations.
The study of the near-surface electric field strength variations was conducted on the basis of experimental data obtained at the Geophysical Monitoring Center of IDG RAS in Moscow and the Geophysical Observatory ‘Mikhnevo’. This paper features the results of analysis of electric field variations in Moscow and in GO ‘Mikhnevo’ registered for the period 2015 - 2019, and specifics of daily electric field strength variations depending on the season.
Based on the analysis of instrumental observational data, it was shown that large fires manifest themselves in local variations of the electric field and the amplitude of acoustic vibrations. Above the fire area, the formation of the zone with altered thermodynamic characteristics causes the formation of acoustic-gravitational waves with a Brent-Väisälä frequency during the most intense burning. The examples of the strong fires in Moscow are considered.
Based on the analysis of instrumental observation data, it is shown that large fires on gas pipelines manifest themselves in local variations in the amplitude of acoustic vibrations. The formation of a highly heated convective stream of gaseous products over a stationary combustion center provides an intensive supply of cold air into it. In this case, the formation of pressure and temperature gradients near the flame leads to the formation of vortex structures in the atmosphere and the generation of infrasound. An example of a severe fire on a gas pipeline in Moscow on May 10, 2009 is considered.
The first particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 measurement results obtained in Moscow Geophysical monitoring center of IDG RAS are presented. The results are compared with the data from open sources - Mosecomonitoring and independent station network of Luftdaten project.
Pollution of the atmosphere and territories adjacent to opencast mine by mineral particles during explosive breaking of rock mass is one of the factors affecting the environmental situation in the vicinity of quarries and reducing the transparency of the surface layer of the atmosphere. A significant effect of wind on particle transfer begins after the completion of the rise of a dust-gas cloud formed by an explosion on the surface of the earth. Numerical simulation was used to determine the characteristics of a dust cloud starting from the moment of formation of the fireball until the cloud reaches hydrostatic equilibrium. The numerical model was improved in order to calculate the dynamics of the dust cloud for charges with a mass of 1 to 1000 tons of TNT. The fireball parameters were set based on the data of theoretical and experimental studies. Based on numerical calculations, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of the dust-gas cloud for an explosion with a mass of 500 tons of TNT is carried out. The obtained relations allow one to determine the height of the upper edge and the radius of the cap of dust-gas clouds depending on the energy of the explosion with a mass of 1 to 1000 tons of TNT.
A new approach to the prevention of atmospheric hazard in the form of hurricanes, squalls and heavy thunderstorms has been proposed. Anomalous variations of electric and magnetic fields, atmospheric current, as well as increased amplitudes of seismic vibrations and micropulsations of atmospheric pressure, recorded 1–8 hours before the arrival and the onset of the most intense manifestations of these phenomena, are considered as a complex prognostic sign. The obtained data can contribute to improving the reliability of the short-term forecast, as well as being of interest for the development of measures to prevent the negative and catastrophic consequences of strong atmospheric disturbances.
We present experimental results of the study of acoustic gravity waves and electric field generation during auroras. Vertical component of electric field in the atmosphere surface layer and atmosphere pressure were recorded during the field study. Analysis of the obtained data shows that synchronous variations of the pressure and electric field strength appear with the development of auroras. It is seen that the amplitude of electric field perturbations is approximately proportional to the amplitude of variation in the pressure.
This paper describes the results of experimental study influences of urban planning and green spaces on the acoustic transport noises. The contribution of green spaces to the acoustic noise attenuation is shown.
Analysis of microbaric variations and variations of the electric field during atmosphere strong disturbances were carried out on the base of the data of instrumental registrations obtained in the geophysical observatory "Mikhnevo" of the Institute of Geospheres Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGD RAS). It is shown the hurricanes and storms are accompanied by high-amplitude variations of acoustic and electrical fields. Amplitudes of variations of these fields increase in a several hours before front arrival. This fact in the aggregate with meteorological parameters could be considered as a predicted indication of approaching hurricane or storms. It is determined that thundery front arrival is forestalled by long period electric field variations, internal gravity waves and increased acoustic impedance. Regularities, which were determined resulting from investigations, could be raise of forecast reliability and efficiency.
We present the full-scale observational data of the near-ground electric field potential gradient in the megacity area and outside of its influence zone. The megapolis influence is manifested in an increase of signal amplitudes which is associated with the aerosol particles concentration difference. The obtained data analysis allows the technogenic aerosol megacity pollution level estimation. It is proposed to use the ratio of the averaged electric field potential gradient amplitudes at measurement sites as an integral pollution level indicator. Analytical expressions reflecting the integral pollution level indicator and the near-ground layer aerosol particle concentration relation are obtained.
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of acoustic noise of the sound and infrasonic frequency bands on the auditory, visual, motor, tactile responses of a person, as well as on the time of making decisions. A method for estimating the time of human reactions was proposed, which was implemented by the authors as a software application for mobile devices. The obtained results unequivocally show an increase in the reaction time of all types under the influence of sound and infrasound noise even of a small level.
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