In this paper, a low-cost digital image correlation-based constitutive sensor with a novel identification algorithm that is
deployable and scalable in the field is proposed. The term 'constitutive sensor' is coined herein to describe a sensor that
is capable of determining the target material constitutive parameters. The proposed method is different from existing
identification methods in that it does not need to solve boundary value problems of the target materials using updated
parameters. Since the development of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique in the 1980s, the DIC technique has
been broadly evaluated and improved for measuring full-field displacements of test specimens, mainly in laboratory
settings. Although its potential in damage and mechanical identification is immense, the high cost of current commercial
DIC systems makes it difficult to apply the DIC technique to in-field health monitoring of structures. To realize a first
ever application of DIC in the field, a prototypical low-cost sensing unit consisting of a high performance embedded
microprocessor board, a low-cost web camera, and a communication module is suggested. In the proposed constitutive
sensor, DIC displacement fields considered as true values are used in computing stress fields satisfying the equilibrium
condition and strain fields using finite element concepts. The unknown constitutive law is initially assumed to be fully
anisotropic and linear elastic. A steady state genetic algorithm is utilized to search for the material parameters by
minimizing a cost function that measures energy residuals. The main features that allow the sensor to be deployable in
the field are introduced, and a validation of the proposed constitutive sensor concept using synthetic data is presented.
In this paper, a novel vibration-based methodology for fast inverse identification of delamination in E-glass/epoxy
composite panels has been proposed with experimental demonstration using a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV). The
methodology consists of 1) a parameter subset selection for delamination damage localization and 2) iterative inverse
eigenvalue analysis for damage quantification. It can potentially lead to a functional formulation relating spatial and
global damage indices such as curvature damage factor to local damage parameters. The functional relationship will be
suitable to fast or real-time in-situ delamination damage identification. To accomplish the objectives, a shear-locking
free higher-order finite element model has been combined with a micromechanics theory-based continuum damage
model as an identification model for locating delamination. Applications of the proposed methodology to an Eglass/
epoxy panel [CSM/UM1208/3 layers of C1800]s = [CSM/0/(90/0)3]s with delamination have been demonstrated
both numerically and experimentally using a piezoelectric actuator, a PVDF sensor and non-contact measuring SLV.
Experimental modal analysis has been successfully conducted using the sample specimen to demonstrate the proposed
methodology.
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