Space division multiplexing (SDM) technologies are promising to respond to the demands of the increasing transmission capacity. Multicore fiber (MCF) is the one of the major candidate for fibers for future systems. In order to put MCF into practical use, many technologies such as cabling, connectors, fan-out devices are necessity. After installing MCF into field, adoption of SDM amplifier is also important to suppress the increase of power consumption. In this manuscript, several technologies enabling MCF installing in the real systems are summarized.
We have developed a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based incoherent light source for a co-propagating distributed Raman amplifier. By utilizing the incoherent light source as a 1st-order pump of the Raman amplifier, we have experimentally verified the reduction of RIN transfer regardless of the presence of simultaneous amplification by 2nd-order coherent pumps. In addition, improved Q-factor has been demonstrated by 22.5 Gbaud polarization-division multiplexing 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16QAM) transmission experiment over 2720 km in a re-circulating fiber loop. From subsequent experimental study, we have redesigned wavelength shifted 1st-order incoherent pump and measured at Raman gains in L-band wavelength.
We review recent progresses of quasi phase-matched (QPM) single-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPA) as a candidate for low noise amplifiers. We show how the QPM operation is realized in the gain fiber where highly nonlinear fibers and pump-phase shifters are alternately concatenated. Then, we show that the QPM operation makes gain of the FOPA flat. Finally, we demonstrate that the QPM-FOPA has noise figure less than 4.5 dB, which is lower than that of conventional EDFAs, and gain more than 20 dB with 1-dB gain bandwidth of 38 nm which covers C-band.
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